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Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject German Studies - Linguistics, grade: B+, Hawai'i Pacific University, language: English, abstract: The English language as well as the German language belongs to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family, which includes most of the languages spoken in Europe. All languages go through a process of change as human beings do the same. It happens very often that they are the reason for a change such as the introduction of spelling and pronunciation rules. Some languages are only affected by minor sound changes but the major sound changes affect all languages as it affects the people, who speak this language. For instance, although the German language was also affected by Grimm’s Law as it is the most famous sound law in the history of linguistics, they reason why the German language, especially High German, differs so much from Low German and other Indo-European languages is the High German consonant shift or what it is called in German “zweite Lautverschiebung.” Consequently, the High German consonant shift is responsible for the development of the different dialects in the German-speaking nations.
Essay from the year 2011 in the subject German Studies - Linguistics, grade: 69, University of Birmingham, course: BA Modern Languages, language: English, abstract: The First and Second Sound Shifts are terms which refer to two series of consonant changes in the development of the Germanic forms from which Modern Standard German has evolved. In both cases the shifts affected stop consonants: the first resulted in the Germanic languages from Proto-Indo-European; the second in the Old High German dialects from the Germanic languages. The First Sound Shift, also called the Germanic Sound Shift, Grimm’s law or die erste Lautverschiebung , affected all of the many stop consonants found in Proto-Indo-European; most changed, some disappeared but none escaped alteration. The dates are uncertain, but this shift is thought to have taken place from 1200 to 450 BC (“...not all of [the changes] were complete before the Germanic languages separated from each other” (Chambers & Wilkie 1970:18)). Though Rasmus Rask was the first person to discover them, Jakob Grimm was the first to tabulate and examine the changes in detail.
Essay from the year 2011 in the subject German Studies - Linguistics, grade: 69, University of Birmingham, course: BA Modern Languages, language: English, abstract: The First and Second Sound Shifts are terms which refer to two series of consonant changes in the development of the Germanic forms from which Modern Standard German has evolved. In both cases the shifts affected stop consonants: the first resulted in the Germanic languages from Proto-Indo-European; the second in the Old High German dialects from the Germanic languages. The First Sound Shift, also called the Germanic Sound Shift, Grimm's law or die erste Lautverschiebung, affected all of the many stop consonants found in Proto-Indo-European; most changed, some disappeared but none escaped alteration. The dates are uncertain, but this shift is thought to have taken place from 1200 to 450 BC (..".not all of [the changes] were complete before the Germanic languages separated from each other" (Chambers & Wilkie 1970:18)). Though Rasmus Rask was the first person to discover them, Jakob Grimm was the first to tabulate and examine the changes in detail.
The most accessible, well-balanced history of the German language available! No comparable work is available in English or German that gives readers an adequate foundation in the methods, goals, and results of historical-comparative linguistics as they apply to the German language and its historical antecedents. Waterman’s monograph excels through its clear presentation of materials, the extensive use of charts and maps, and a well-organized bibliography. A wealth of examples documents a surprisingly broad review of German language issues.
Evidence for the bifurcation and repression theories of German is evaluated and the author presents new evidence in support of the traditional inventory of Proto-Germanic consonants, as well as for the traditional view of the origin and spread of the Second Consonant Shift.