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Throughout the eighteenth century hundreds of thousands of men and women were cast into prison for failing to pay their debts. This apparently illogical system where debtors were kept away from their places of work remained popular with creditors into the nineteenth century even as Britain witnessed industrialisation, market growth, and the increasing sophistication of commerce, as the debtors’ prisons proved surprisingly effective. Due to insufficient early modern currency, almost every exchange was reliant upon the use of credit based upon personal reputation rather than defined collateral, making the lives of traders inherently precarious as they struggled to extract payments based on little more than promises. This book shows how traders turned to debtors’ prisons to give those promises defined consequences, the system functioning as a tool of coercive contract enforcement rather than oppression of the poor. Credit and Debt demonstrates for the first time the fundamental contribution of debt imprisonment to the early modern economy and reveals how traders made use of existing institutions to alleviate the instabilities of commerce in the context of unprecedented market growth. This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers in economic history and early modern British history.
This is the first full-scale study of the political radicalism of Iolo Morganwg, the renowned Welsh romantic whose colourful life as a Glamorgan stonemason, poet, writer, political activist and humanitarian made him one of the founders of modern Wales. This path-breaking volume offers a vivid portrait of a natural contrarian who tilted against the forces of the establishment for the whole of his adult life. Known as the ‘Bard of Liberty’ or the ’little republican bard’, he moved in highly-politicized circles, embraced republicanism, founded the Gorsedd of the Bards of the Isle of Britain, threw in his lot with Unitarians, promoted a sense of cultural nationalism, and supported the anti-slave trade campaign and the anti-war movement during years of war, oppression and cruelty.
Stori Iolo Morganwg, o fachgendod hyd at Orsedd Glynogwr yn 1798, wedi'i ysgrifennu yn y person cyntaf. Roedd sawl gwedd iddo: saer maen, ysgolhaig hunan-addysgiedig, bardd, emynydd, gwleidydd, cenedlgarwr, chwyldroadwr, derwydd, dyn busnes aflwyddiannus, un oedd yn gaeth i gyffuriau, ymgyrchydd dros hawliau dynol ac un a greodd un o'r ffugiadau llenyddol pennaf yn hanes Ewrop.
A record of literary properties sold at auction in the United States.
Nofel hanesyddol fyrlymus yn dilyn ol-troed un o gymeriadau mwyaf diddorol hanes Cymru, Iolo Morgannwg (Edward Willimas, 1747-1826). Nofel llawn antur, dirgelwch, cariad, gwrthryfel, trais, cyffuriau, angerdd, ysbiwyr a brad.