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Global Liner Shipping is undergoing the largest transformation since the invention of the container itself. The core business models and business cultures which made the shipping lines successful are now failing. The coming decade will see the emergence of new business models suited for a new environment. This transformation is a source of significant opportunity for industry stakeholders, but equally a source of grave risk should existing companies fail to adapt accordingly. This book provides a foundation for industry stakeholders to understand the trends impacting the industry, allowing them to identify the right questions to ask in order to not only survive, but thrive towards 2025.
The maritime logistics industry is currently experiencing a massive acceleration in its verticalization process which after almost ten months, continues to make a global market tumble. This work explores how Vertical Integration (VI) of carriers is affecting both the carriers themselves as well as the shippers. In addition, this study aims to explain why not all shipping lines have decided to pursue VI as their current strategy. Based on the findings obtained, predictions are also made with regards to the future line of growth of the industry. The methodology applied is a case study research approach where the phenomenon of VI is explored by focusing on the case of the liner shipping industry. This work uses an exploratory, inductive research approach with a data set containing 17 samples divided into four key groups: carriers, shippers, inter-modal transportation providers and freight forwarders. The empirical findings of this study outline the main advantages and disadvantages of VI for both carriers and shippers. However, it is discovered that the perception of each impact depends on the perspective from which the phenomenon is evaluated: shippers and carriers highlight different advantages and disadvantages of VI. Furthermore, the investigation performed makes us understand that two diverse strategies are currently co-existing in the market and that the long-term goals, the shipping lines' vision, their target markets and financials are the key reasons that explain why not all carriers have opted for VI. In terms of the managerial implications for the future growth of this industry, it can be argued that at least until 2024 we will not see a stabilisation of freight rates because market consolidation, port decongestion and a growth in market supply is required for moderate prices to come. Finally, it is believed that VI will continue in ocean shipping, but that it will only last in time based on the results it yields. Nonetheless, even though the survival of freight forwarders has been widely questioned, it can be concluded that they will persist as fundamental intermediaries of supply chains. In a nutshell, this work sheds light on today's trends in the shipping market while it opens up a new line of discussion for the impacts of VI and the future trends to come in the liner shipping sector.
Liner Ship Fleet Planning: Models and Algorithms systematically introduces the latest research on modeling and optimization for liner ship fleet planning with demand uncertainty. Container shipping companies have struggled since the financial crisis of 2007-2008, making it critical for them to make informed decisions about their fleet planning and development. Current and future shipping professionals require systematic approaches for investigating and solving their fleet planning problems, as well as methodologies for addressing their other shipping responsibilities. Liner Ship Fleet Planning addresses these needs, providing the most recent quantitative research of liner shipping in maritime transportation. The research and methods provided assist those tasked with optimizing shipping efficiency and fleet deployment in the face of uncertain demand. Suitable for those with any level of quantitative background, the book serves as a valuable resource for both maritime academics, and shipping professionals involved in planning and scheduling departments. Introduces the latest research on maritime transportation problems Analyzes problems of liner ship fleet planning, taking uncertainty into account Promotes the use of mathematics to manage uncertainty, using stochastic programming models, and proposing solution algorithms to solve proposed models Includes case studies that provide detailed examples of real-world examples of fleet optimization Explains how stochastic programming modeling methods and solution algorithms can be applied to other research fields featuring uncertainty, such as container yard planning, berth allocation and vehicle deployment problems
The Review of Maritime Transport is an UNCTAD flagship publication, published annually since 1968 with 2018 marking the 50 year anniversary. Around 80 per cent of the volume of international trade in goods is carried by sea, and the percentage is even higher for most developing countries. The Review of Maritime Transport provides an analysis of structural and cyclical changes affecting seaborne trade, ports and shipping, as well as an extensive collection of statistical information.
Port Economics, Management and Policy provides a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary port industry, showing how ports are organized to serve the global economy and support regional and local development. Structured in eight sections plus an introduction and epilog, this textbook examines a wide range of seaport topics, covering maritime shipping and international trade, port terminals, port governance, port competition, port policy and much more. Key features of the book include: Multidisciplinary perspective, drawing on economics, geography, management science and engineering Multisector analysis including containers, bulk, break-bulk and the cruise industry Focus on the latest industry trends, such as supply chain management, automation, digitalization and sustainability Benefitting from the authors’ extensive involvement in shaping the port sector across five continents, this text provides students and scholars with a valuable resource on ports and maritime transport systems. Practitioners and policymakers can also use this as an essential guide towards better port management and governance.
The importance of international liner shipping needs little emphasizing. A large majority of international trade moves by sea, and the liner shipping share in total freight revenue exceeds one-half. Notwithstanding, people in general know surprisingly little about the basic facts of the liner shipping industry, and, in particular, about the economics ofliner shipping. Perhaps because it is an international industry, where shipping lines flying many different flags participate, it has tended to fall in between national accounts of domestic industries. Even transport economists have, generally speaking, treated liner shipping rather 'stepmotherly'; besides the work of Bennathan and Walters (1969), a relatively small group of specialized maritime economists, including A. Stromme-Svendsen, T. Thorburn, S. Sturmey, R. Goss, and B. M. Deakin, have in the post-war period made important contributions to the subject, but so far no coherent and reasonably comprehensive treatise of liner shipping economics has appeared. The first purpose of the present volume is therefore obvious: to provide just that. The book is divided in three parts: Part I The liner shipping industry; Part II Liner service optimization; Part III Economic evaluation of the conference system. Needless to say, all three parts concur to fulfill the first purpose of providing a complete book of liner shipping economics. In Part II a more or less separate, second, purpose has been to develop analytical tools for liner service optimization. Thereby we use different approaches.