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Focuses on the TPX and alternate concepts, and also provides a history of the overall fusion energy program. Identifies some underlying questions that must be addressed: what is the potential role of the fusion energy program in meeting long-term energy needs? what level of research funding is justified by that role? and what are the most reasonable goals and directions for the program under scenarios of flat or declining budgets? Contains tables and figures.
International collaboration in scientific research & the rise of large science projects are two significant outgrowths of the scientific revolution of the past century. This report examines the factors that may warrant or facilitate international collaboration in large science projects or, conversely, that may favor the U.S. pursuing projects independently. It identifies the challenges raised by international collaboration & explores approaches that can promote the successful planning & execution of international projects. Covers: high-energy physics; fusion energy research; scientific activities in space; & neutron sources & synchrotrons.
For over four decades the federal government has supported research to develop the power of fusion energy for commercial electric power production. Fusion proponents note that the supply of fusion fuels is virtually inexhaustible, and that environmental impacts may be far less extensive than those of energy supplies currently in widespread use. Widely heralded experiments performed in 1993 and 1994 at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory's Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) produced unprecedented levels of fusion reactions and continued a trend of progress in fusion research. However, even the most optimistic proponents of fusion energy note that many scientific, engineering, and economic challenges remain to be met. Meeting these challenges sufficiently to construct a prototype commercial fusion powerplant may require several tens of billions of dollars in experimental facilities and research over the next several decades. This would require a considerable increase from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) current fusion energy program budget of $373 million, and a greater level of cost-sharing through international collaboration in fusion research and development. In 1987, the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) concluded a major assessment of the fusion energy program and published the report Starpower: The U.S. and the International Quest for Fusion Energy. Since then, the U.S. fusion energy program has undergone a pronounced change as it has grappled with uncertain budgets that have grown less quickly than the need for larger, more capable, and more expensive machines.