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The Foraging Behavior of the Honeybee (Apis mellifera, L.) provides a scholarly resource for knowledge on the regulation, communication, resource allocation, learning and characteristics of honeybee foraging behavior at the individual and colony level. Foraging, in this context, is the exploration of the environment around a honey bee hive and the collection of resources (pollen, nectar, water, etc.) by bees in the worker caste of a colony. Honeybees have the unique ability to balance conflicting and changing resource needs in rapidly changing environments, thus their characterization as “superorganisms made up of individuals who act in the interest of the whole. This book explores the fascinating world of honey bees in their struggle to obtain food and resources in the ecosystem and environment around the hive. Written by a team of international experts on honey bee behavior and ecology, this book covers current and historical knowledge, research methods and modeling used in the field of study and includes estimates of key parameters of energy utilization, quantities of materials collected, and identifies inconsistencies or gaps in current knowledge in the field. Establishes a basis of current knowledge on honeybees to build and advance understanding of their foraging behavior Addresses stressors such as habitat loss, climate change, pesticides, pests and diseases Presents concise concepts that facilitate direct traceability to the original underlying research
Honey bees recruit foragers to rich food sources through the waggle dance. The waggle dance has been used extensively to study the foraging ecology of honey bees in various habitats. We decoded waggle dances and used DNA barcoding of bee-collected pollen to characterize the foraging ecology of honey bees Apis mellifera L.) over 17 months around La Jolla, California, a heavily fragmented environment containing urban, semi-urban, and patches of native scrub habitats. We divided the year into three distinct seasons (dormant, growth, and dry) based on natural patterns of warming and rainfall to understand how honey bee foraging varies over ecologically relevant temporal scales in a fragmented environment. We detected a significant effect of season on foraging distances. We also found that colonies focused their foraging efforts on few patches during the dormant season and performed increasingly wider searches for pollen with changes in season. Lastly, we detected significant seasonal turnover in the proportion of pollen loads with native or non-native pollen. Bees focused their pollen foraging on native species during the dormant season; both native and non-native species during the growth season; and, non-native species during the dry season. Our results show that honey bees are capable of adjusting their foraging behavior with season to exploit common, abundant native and non-native flowers, illustrating the remarkable adaptability of honey bees in fragmented habitats. Furthermore, our study indicates that honey bees may serve as pollinators of common native plants in light of declines in native pollinators bought on by habitat fragmentation.
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