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The myth of financial intermediation has been invented to distract attention from the natural function of banks. When we think about banks gathering money from depositors to give to investors, the objective function of banks is completely hidden from public view. Economic textbooks ignore these functions, and macroeconomic models do not mention the banking sector in terms of private placement programs. I discuss thе vаrіоuѕ рrосеѕѕ аnd аdvаntаgеѕ оf these programs and ѕhоw how уоu саn put that invaluable knоwlеdgе to good uѕе. I aim to provide a concise view of the mechanisms in place and the detailed protocol and structure. I am оftеn соntасtеd bу рrоjесt dеvеlореrѕ, іnvеѕtоrѕ, еntrерrеnеurѕ, аnd brоkеrѕ whо аrе lооkіng tо rаіѕе саріtаl, оr whо аrе lооkіng fоr investment орроrtunіtіеѕ thаt рrоvіdе hіghеr yield rеturnѕ fоr thеmѕеlvеѕ оr thеіr сlіеntѕ; my guide will simplify the confusion and assist in greater comprehension. I reveal what banks are not prepared to divulge as it is clear that these investment opportunities are by a few for a few. Onсе уоu hаvе a сlеаr undеrѕtаndіng оf whаt іnvеѕtіng іn these sophisticated investments strategies іnvоlvе, аnd hоw fractional rеѕеrvе bаnkіng соmеѕ іntо рlау, leverage and arbitrage techniques, уоu will have then dіѕсоvеr a wау tо gеt іntо a trаdіng рlаtfоrm. The first ѕtер at thе bеgіnnіng оf thе рrосеѕѕ саn bе thе mоѕt dіffісult оf аll, but the beginning is only the journey.
This book teaches the secret that few will ever know that have deliberately been kept private. Learning about a financial construction that will allow you to earn profits much more than the banks' ability to pay. The Internet is filled with liars, cheats and thieves, all spreading misinformation which have resulted in many potential investors being burned so many times. Fortunately, luck, persistence and solid relationships with over 35 years in banking has found the author a winning formula and panacea for the secret to legitimate trading programs dispelling the myths of its existence. This book will ensure that you do not waste time sifting through the flotsam the Internet brings, but provides a clear and concise guide into the mysterious world of Private Placement and High Yield Investment opportunities. It is a must-read short guide of knowledge required to learn all about managed buy sell programs its history, its future, and the people that are allowed to join this illustrious and exclusive club for making money. The Secret is now being revealed to those who care to know and the reality of how true wealth is created just for a few. Enjoy the journey, it will open your eyes!
Once an obscure niche of the investment world, private equity has grown into a juggernaut, with consequences for a wide range of industries as well as the financial markets. Private equity funds control companies that represent trillions of dollars in assets, millions of employees, and the well-being of thousands of institutional investors and their beneficiaries. Even as the ruthlessness of some funds has made private equity a poster child for the harms of unfettered capitalism, many aspects of the industry remain opaque, hidden from the normal bounds of accountability. The Myth of Private Equity is a hard-hitting and meticulous exposé from an insider’s viewpoint. Jeffrey C. Hooke—a former private equity executive and investment banker with deep knowledge of the industry—examines the negative effects of private equity and the ways in which it has avoided scrutiny. He unravels the exaggerations that the industry has spun to its customers and the business media, scrutinizing its claims of lucrative investment returns and financial wizardry and showing the stark realities that are concealed by the funds’ self-mythologizing and penchant for secrecy. Hooke details the flaws in private equity’s investment strategies, critically examines its day-to-day operations, and reveals the broad spectrum of its enablers. A bracing and essential read for both the financial profession and the broader public, this book pulls back the curtain on one of the most controversial areas of finance.
Private equity firms have long been at the center of public debates on the impact of the financial sector on Main Street companies. Are these firms financial innovators that save failing businesses or financial predators that bankrupt otherwise healthy companies and destroy jobs? The first comprehensive examination of this topic, Private Equity at Work provides a detailed yet accessible guide to this controversial business model. Economist Eileen Appelbaum and Professor Rosemary Batt carefully evaluate the evidence—including original case studies and interviews, legal documents, bankruptcy proceedings, media coverage, and existing academic scholarship—to demonstrate the effects of private equity on American businesses and workers. They document that while private equity firms have had positive effects on the operations and growth of small and mid-sized companies and in turning around failing companies, the interventions of private equity more often than not lead to significant negative consequences for many businesses and workers. Prior research on private equity has focused almost exclusively on the financial performance of private equity funds and the returns to their investors. Private Equity at Work provides a new roadmap to the largely hidden internal operations of these firms, showing how their business strategies disproportionately benefit the partners in private equity firms at the expense of other stakeholders and taxpayers. In the 1980s, leveraged buyouts by private equity firms saw high returns and were widely considered the solution to corporate wastefulness and mismanagement. And since 2000, nearly 11,500 companies—representing almost 8 million employees—have been purchased by private equity firms. As their role in the economy has increased, they have come under fire from labor unions and community advocates who argue that the proliferation of leveraged buyouts destroys jobs, causes wages to stagnate, saddles otherwise healthy companies with debt, and leads to subsidies from taxpayers. Appelbaum and Batt show that private equity firms’ financial strategies are designed to extract maximum value from the companies they buy and sell, often to the detriment of those companies and their employees and suppliers. Their risky decisions include buying companies and extracting dividends by loading them with high levels of debt and selling assets. These actions often lead to financial distress and a disproportionate focus on cost-cutting, outsourcing, and wage and benefit losses for workers, especially if they are unionized. Because the law views private equity firms as investors rather than employers, private equity owners are not held accountable for their actions in ways that public corporations are. And their actions are not transparent because private equity owned companies are not regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Thus, any debts or costs of bankruptcy incurred fall on businesses owned by private equity and their workers, not the private equity firms that govern them. For employees this often means loss of jobs, health and pension benefits, and retirement income. Appelbaum and Batt conclude with a set of policy recommendations intended to curb the negative effects of private equity while preserving its constructive role in the economy. These include policies to improve transparency and accountability, as well as changes that would reduce the excessive use of financial engineering strategies by firms. A groundbreaking analysis of a hotly contested business model, Private Equity at Work provides an unprecedented analysis of the little-understood inner workings of private equity and of the effects of leveraged buyouts on American companies and workers. This important new work will be a valuable resource for scholars, policymakers, and the informed public alike.
Companies like Google and Apple heralded the information revolution, and opened the doors for Silicon Valley to grow into an engine of dazzling technological development, that today champions the free market that engendered it against the supposedly stifling encroachment of government regulation. But is that really the case? In this sharp and controversial expose, The Entrepreneurial State, Mariana Mazzucato debunks the pervasive myth that the state is a laggard, bureaucratic apparatus at odds with a dynamic private sector. Instead she reveals in case study after case study that, in fact, the opposite is true: the state is our boldest and most valuable innovator. The technology revolution would never have happened without support from the US Government. The breakthroughs--GPS, touch-screen displays, the Internet, and voice-activated AI--that enabled legendary Apple products to be smart successes were, in fact, all developed with support from the state. Mazzucato reveals that many successful entrepreneurs like Steve Jobs integrated state-funded technological developments into their products and then reaped the rewards themselves. The algorithm behind Google’s search engine was initially sponsored by NASA. And 75% of NMEs--new, often-ground-breaking drugs not derivative of existing substances--trace their research to National Institutes of Health (NIH) labs. The American government, it turns out, has been enormously successfully at stimulating scientific and technological advancement. But by 2009, just some months following the Great Recession--the US government, constrained by austerity measures, started disinvesting from its holdings in research fields like health, energy, electronics. The trend is likely to continue, and the repercussions of these policies could wreak havoc on our technology and science sectors. But Mazzucato remains optimistic. If managed correctly, state-sponsored development of Green technology, for instance, could be as efficacious as suburbanization & post-war reconstruction in the mid-twentieth century, and unleash a wide-spread golden age in the global economy. The limitations of natural resources and the threat of global warming could become the most powerful driver of growth, employment, and innovation within just one generation--but to be successful, the Green Revolution will depend on the initiatives of proactive governments. By not admitting the State’s role in economic and technological progress, we are socializing only the risks of investing in innovation, while privatizing the rewards in the hands of only a few businesses. This, Mazzucato argues, hurts both future of innovation and equity in modern-day capitalism. For policy-makers, Silicon Valley start-up founders, venture-capitalists, and economists alike, The Entrepreneurial State stirs up much needed debate and offers up a brilliant corrective to spurious beliefs: to thrive, American businesses have always and will need to depend on the support of our country’s most audacious entrepreneur, the state.
A New York Times Bestseller The leading thinker and most visible public advocate of modern monetary theory -- the freshest and most important idea about economics in decades -- delivers a radically different, bold, new understanding for how to build a just and prosperous society. Stephanie Kelton's brilliant exploration of modern monetary theory (MMT) dramatically changes our understanding of how we can best deal with crucial issues ranging from poverty and inequality to creating jobs, expanding health care coverage, climate change, and building resilient infrastructure. Any ambitious proposal, however, inevitably runs into the buzz saw of how to find the money to pay for it, rooted in myths about deficits that are hobbling us as a country. Kelton busts through the myths that prevent us from taking action: that the federal government should budget like a household, that deficits will harm the next generation, crowd out private investment, and undermine long-term growth, and that entitlements are propelling us toward a grave fiscal crisis. MMT, as Kelton shows, shifts the terrain from narrow budgetary questions to one of broader economic and social benefits. With its important new ways of understanding money, taxes, and the critical role of deficit spending, MMT redefines how to responsibly use our resources so that we can maximize our potential as a society. MMT gives us the power to imagine a new politics and a new economy and move from a narrative of scarcity to one of opportunity.
I REVEAL THE SECRET THAT NO BANKER IS PREPARED TO DISCLOSE. This bооk helps you understand hоw рrіvаtе placement рrоgrаms (PPP) wоrkѕ. It аlѕо dіѕсuѕѕеѕ thе vаrіоuѕ рrосеѕѕ аnd аdvаntаgеѕ оf рrіvаtе placement programs, and ѕhоwѕ you how уоu саn put thе knоwlеdgе to uѕе. It аlѕо aims аt dеѕсrіbіng hоw these рrоgrаms wоrk аnd undеrѕtаndіng the two different tуреѕ оf programs. I am оftеn соntасtеd bу рrоjесt dеvеlореrѕ, іnvеѕtоrѕ, еntrерrеnеurѕ, аnd brоkеrѕ whо аrе lооkіng tо rаіѕе саріtаl, оr whо аrе lооkіng fоr investment орроrtunіtіеѕ thаt рrоvіdе hіghеr rеturnѕ fоr thеmѕеlvеѕ оr thеіr сlіеntѕ. Thіѕ іnіtіаl іnԛuіrу оftеn lеаdѕ tо a dіѕсuѕѕіоn оf рrіvаtе рlасеmеnt рrоgrаmѕ аnd trаdе рlаtfоrmѕ. It dеѕсrіbеѕ еxtеnѕіvеlу hоw best Prіvаtе Plасеmеnt Program Wоrkѕ аnd аѕ уоu rеаd thіѕ book you’ll discover:1.Private Placement Investment Program History2.Prіvаtе Plасеmеnt Prоgrаmѕ and Trаdе Platforms - What They Rеаllу Arе 3.Private Placement Invеѕt Dеbt Contracts Tеrmѕ 4.Private Placement Mаrkеt Lеndеrѕ5.Restrictions Affecting Private Placement 6.Whо Arе thе Agеntѕ? Thе Rоlе оf Agеntѕ 7.Agеnt Operations undеr Rule 144A 8.Credit Crunсh іn thе Private Placement Mаrkеt 9.Prіvаtе Plасеmеntѕ: SCAM or REAL?And More.Onсе уоu hаvе a сlеаr undеrѕtаndіng оf whаt іnvеѕtіng іn these рrоgrаmѕ іnvоlvе аnd hоw fractional rеѕеrvе bаnkіng соmеѕ іntо рlау, уоu will dіѕсоvеr the path into investments into these lucrative but secretive opportunity.
At the height of the Great Depression a number of leading U.S. economists advanced a proposal for monetary reform that became known as the Chicago Plan. It envisaged the separation of the monetary and credit functions of the banking system, by requiring 100% reserve backing for deposits. Irving Fisher (1936) claimed the following advantages for this plan: (1) Much better control of a major source of business cycle fluctuations, sudden increases and contractions of bank credit and of the supply of bank-created money. (2) Complete elimination of bank runs. (3) Dramatic reduction of the (net) public debt. (4) Dramatic reduction of private debt, as money creation no longer requires simultaneous debt creation. We study these claims by embedding a comprehensive and carefully calibrated model of the banking system in a DSGE model of the U.S. economy. We find support for all four of Fisher's claims. Furthermore, output gains approach 10 percent, and steady state inflation can drop to zero without posing problems for the conduct of monetary policy.
The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, published by the U.S. Government and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in early 2011, is the official government report on the United States financial collapse and the review of major financial institutions that bankrupted and failed, or would have without help from the government. The commission and the report were implemented after Congress passed an act in 2009 to review and prevent fraudulent activity. The report details, among other things, the periods before, during, and after the crisis, what led up to it, and analyses of subprime mortgage lending, credit expansion and banking policies, the collapse of companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the federal bailouts of Lehman and AIG. It also discusses the aftermath of the fallout and our current state. This report should be of interest to anyone concerned about the financial situation in the U.S. and around the world.THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION is an independent, bi-partisan, government-appointed panel of 10 people that was created to "examine the causes, domestic and global, of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States." It was established as part of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009. The commission consisted of private citizens with expertise in economics and finance, banking, housing, market regulation, and consumer protection. They examined and reported on "the collapse of major financial institutions that failed or would have failed if not for exceptional assistance from the government."News Dissector DANNY SCHECHTER is a journalist, blogger and filmmaker. He has been reporting on economic crises since the 1980's when he was with ABC News. His film In Debt We Trust warned of the economic meltdown in 2006. He has since written three books on the subject including Plunder: Investigating Our Economic Calamity (Cosimo Books, 2008), and The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street Is Not Too Big to Jail (Disinfo Books, 2011), a companion to his latest film Plunder The Crime Of Our Time. He can be reached online at www.newsdissector.com.
This 2017 OECD Economic Survey of Italy examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. The special chapters cover raising business investment and enhancing skills.