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The Richland Creek WMA constructed wetland for water reuse, located 40 km southeast of Corsicana, Texas, was designed by Tarrant Regional Water District (TRWD) and is operated jointly with Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD). TRWD's perspicacity to supply the regions rapidly growing population with an additional secure water source, and the desire of TPWD to enhance migratory and indigenous wildlife habitat, as well as providing outdoor recreational opportunities to the public, led to the joint venture. The constructed wetland operates on water from the Trinity River (TR), from which the wetland reduces water nutrient and metal concentrations and thereby improves water quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the first seven years of operation of the field-scale wetland's nutrient removal efficiency, primarily addressing the fate of phosphorus (P). For the field study, conducted during a period of moist-soil management (MSM), soil/sediment samples were collected from the sedimentation basin (SB), Cell 1, Cell 3, and a reference wetland (RW) with a similar soil series that is inundated only during overbank flooding from the TR. Soil samples were tested for Mehlich 3 P (M3P), water extractable P (WEP), total P (TP), a P sorption index (PSI), and pH. The field study results indicated that soil P is more concentrated in the SB and cell 1 of the wetland system than in cell 3 or the RW. M3P concentration was nearly double the threshold for no additional fertilizer recommendations for agriculture of 60 mg kg−1 in the SB and cell 1. WEP concentrations are highest in the SB and cell 1. TP concentrations are comparable to other treatment wetland systems that receive high quantities of P from the water column. The PSI identified the SB and cell 1, the areas with consistently higher soil P concentrations, as the areas with the least potential P fixing capacity remaining. Hydrologic data collected by TRWD from the summer of 2003 through the winter of 2010, was analyzed and provided some insight regarding nutrient loading that has occurred in the constructed wetland. The results indicated that the wetlands efficiency at removing nutrients from the water was linked to the nutrient accumulation in soils of the wetland. The wetland cells with the higher estimated TSS loading, also had a higher soil P concentrations. An ex situ and in situ tillage simulation was completed in order to determine a potential solution to prolong the effectiveness of the wetland system and avoid hydrologic burnout. The no-till, 10-cm, and 20-cm tillage groups, underwent a three phase water column study and then the soil was tested for M3P, TP, and a PSI. The water column study indicated the tillage treated soils released less P, were more efficient at removing P from a 2 mg P L−1 solution, and just as efficient at removing P from a 75 mg P L−1 solution as the no-till soil. The soil core experiment indicated tillage may provide plants during MSM more readily available P for enhanced growth, while also improving efficiency at removing P from the water column. The ex situ soil P data indicated that a deeper tillage depth has potential to distribute P more deeply in the soil column.
The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.
Coastal wetlands are under a great deal of pressure from the dual forces of rising sea level and the intervention of human populations both along the estuary and in the river catchment. Direct impacts include the destruction or degradation of wetlands from land reclamation and infrastructures. Indirect impacts derive from the discharge of pollutants, changes in river flows and sediment supplies, land clearing, and dam operations. As sea level rises, coastal wetlands in most areas of the world migrate landward to occupy former uplands. The competition of these lands from human development is intensifying, making the landward migration impossible in many cases. This book provides an understanding of the functioning of coastal ecosystems and the ecological services that they provide, and suggestions for their management. In this book a CD is included containing color figures of wetlands and estuaries in different parts of the world. Includes a CD containing color figures of wetlands and estuaries in different parts of the world.
This comprehensive book provides an up-to-date and international approach that addresses the Motivations, Technologies and Assessment of the Elimination and Recovery of Phosphorus from Wastewater. This book is part of the Integrated Environmental Technology Series.
Phosphorus is one of the major nutrients limiting the productivity of terrestrial, wetland and aquatic ecosystems. Over the last decade several research projects were conducted on Florida's ecosystems from state and federal agencies and private industry to address water quality issues, and to develop management practices to control nutrient loads. Phosphorus Biogeochemistry in Sub-Tropical Ecosystems is the first thorough study of the role of phosphorus in ecological health and water quality ever published. Because of its vast and extensively studied ecosystems, Florida has often served as a national laboratory on current and future trends in ecosystem management. The reader will find studies at all levels of biological organization, from the cellular to entire ecological communities. The book is a definitive study of the role and behavior of phosphorus deposition in the upland/wetland/aquatic environment. The papers presented in this book are organized in specific groups: ecological analysis and global issues, biogeochemical transformations, biogeochemical responses, transport processes, phosphorus management, and synthesis. Although Florida's ecosystems are used as a case study, the results presented have global applications.
This open access book surveys the frontier of scientific river research and provides examples to guide management towards a sustainable future of riverine ecosystems. Principal structures and functions of the biogeosphere of rivers are explained; key threats are identified, and effective solutions for restoration and mitigation are provided. Rivers are among the most threatened ecosystems of the world. They increasingly suffer from pollution, water abstraction, river channelisation and damming. Fundamental knowledge of ecosystem structure and function is necessary to understand how human acitivities interfere with natural processes and which interventions are feasible to rectify this. Modern water legislation strives for sustainable water resource management and protection of important habitats and species. However, decision makers would benefit from more profound understanding of ecosystem degradation processes and of innovative methodologies and tools for efficient mitigation and restoration. The book provides best-practice examples of sustainable river management from on-site studies, European-wide analyses and case studies from other parts of the world. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of aquatic ecology, river system functioning, conservation and restoration, to postgraduate students, to institutions involved in water management, and to water related industries.