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Draws on history, science, and philosophy to examine the development of evolutionary thought through the past two and a half centuries. Focuses on the great debates, including the 19th century clash over the nature of classification and debates about the fossil record, genetics, and human nature.
In the first book of the Evolution Wars, the first man to become fully awake is suddenly shocked into becoming awake in the second of two dreams. The first dream was of four passenger jets all sitting on a tarmac at an airport. He saw the airport break up around them, and they all fell into darkness. Three days later, the four jets all crashed in the 9-11 attacks. The second one years later was even stronger, waking him violently from his sleep. This also woke his wife, and he told her he's had another true dream. After trying to get her to believe him by telling her of the first dream years ago, she still did not believe him. In trying to calm him, she said, "Okay, tell me again. I will listen to the whole dream. I promise." With her promise, he reached for her, and when they touched physically, their minds also touched. She relived the two dreams with him in seconds. From that moment on, they could speak to each other's minds without words. He started working on a plan to escape the city as they both saw all the death and destruction coming today. After they merged, he stared calling his family members in town and his sister living in the south. First his oldest daughter, and then he set about getting things ready to flee the city. They were the first to wake up! The earth had been visited by alien races for many years. The two races were at war, and it had come to earth. The crash at Roswell was the result of one of the ships crashing. The government recovered one dead body and three living beings which they had been holding at a secret holding facility in Nellis Air Force Base. Most believe it's at Area 51. The reason they were here was to stop human's evolution. The one race saw them as a threat. So to stop them, they made deals with the government. They gave them access to new technologies, computers, and new aircraft designs. They were responsible for all the modern wonders they lost in their attack. The purpose of their gifts was to give them items that would slow and eventually stop their growth as a race. They also nursed the negative feeling they suffered from hate, bigotry, and many darker emotions to keep them at war with themselves.
This award winning text draws on history, science, and philosophy to examine the development of evolutionary thought through the past two and a half centuries. It's been more than 70 years since Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the controversial topic of evolution versus creation. The Evolution Wars draws on history, science, and philosophy to examine the development of evolutionary thought through the past two and a half centuries. It focuses on the great debates, including the 19th century clash over the nature of classification and debates about the fossil record, genetics, and human nature. Much attention is paid to external factors and the underlying motives of scientists. In these pages you will meet Charles Darwin's ebullient grandfather Erasmus, the contentious Frenchmen Georges Cuvier and Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, new creationist Phillip Johnson, the brilliant J. B. S. Haldane, and many other stars of the debates. - Includes a collection of interesting photographs, ranging from portraits to facsimiles of original texts
Is there a 'Western way of war' which pursues battles of annihilation and single-minded military victory? Is warfare on a path to ever greater destructive force? This magisterial account answers these questions by tracing the history of Western thinking about strategy - the employment of military force as a political instrument - from antiquity to the present day. Assessing sources from Vegetius to contemporary America, and with a particular focus on strategy since the Napoleonic Wars, Beatrice Heuser explores the evolution of strategic thought, the social institutions, norms and patterns of behaviour within which it operates, the policies that guide it and the cultures that influence it. Ranging across technology and warfare, total warfare and small wars as well as land, sea, air and nuclear warfare, she demonstrates that warfare and strategic thinking have fluctuated wildly in their aims, intensity, limitations and excesses over the past two millennia.
This book examines why the religion-science skirmishes known as the Evolution Wars have persisted into the 21st century. It does so by considering the influences of mass media in relation to decision-making research and the Elaboration Likelihood Model, one of the most authoritative persuasion theories. The book’s analysis concentrates on the expression of cues, or cognitive mental shortcuts, in Darwin-sceptic and counter-creationist broadcasts. A multiyear collection of media generated by the most prominent Darwin-sceptic organizations is surveyed, along with rival publications from supporters of evolutionary theory described as the pro-evolutionists. The analysed materials include works produced by Young Earth Creationist and Intelligent Design media makers, New Atheist pacesetters, as well as both agnostic and religious supporters of evolution. These cues are shown to function as subtle but effective means of shaping public opinion, including appeals to expertise, claims that ideas are being censored, and the tactical use of statistics and technical jargon. Contending that persuasive mass media is a decisive component of science-religion controversies, this book will be of keen interest to scholars of Religion, Science and Religion interactions, as well as researchers of Media and Communication Studies more generally.
Nicholas Murray's The Rocky Road to the Great War examines the evolution of field fortification theory and practice between 1877 and 1914. During this period field fortifications became increasingly important, and their construction evolved from primarily above to below ground. The reasons for these changes are crucial to explaining the landscape of World War I, yet they have remained largely unstudied. The transformation in field fortifications reflected not only the ongoing technological advances but also the changing priorities in the reasons for constructing them, such as preventing desertion, protecting troops, multiplying forces, reinforcing tactical points, providing a secure base, and dominating an area. Field fortification theory, however, did not evolve solely in response to improving firepower or technology. Rather, a combination of those factors and societal ones-for example, the rise of large conscript armies and the increasing participation of citizens rather than subjects-led directly to technical alterations in the actual construction of the fieldworks. These technical developments arose from the second wave of the Industrial Revolution in the late nineteenth century that provided new technologies that increased the firepower of artillery, which in turn drove the transition from above- to belowground field fortification. Based largely on primary sourcesùincluding French, British, Austrian, and American military attache reports-Murray's enlightening study is unique in defining, fully examining, and contextualizing the theories and construction of field fortifications before World War I.
A new perspective on the biological roots of competition from the author of Anarchy Evolution and Cornell lecturer
A compelling portrait of a unique moment in American history when the ideas of Charles Darwin reshaped American notions about nature, religion, science and race “A lively and informative history.” – The New York Times Book Review Throughout its history America has been torn in two by debates over ideals and beliefs. Randall Fuller takes us back to one of those turning points, in 1860, with the story of the influence of Charles Darwin’s just-published On the Origin of Species on five American intellectuals, including Bronson Alcott, Henry David Thoreau, the child welfare reformer Charles Loring Brace, and the abolitionist Franklin Sanborn. Each of these figures seized on the book’s assertion of a common ancestry for all creatures as a powerful argument against slavery, one that helped provide scientific credibility to the cause of abolition. Darwin’s depiction of constant struggle and endless competition described America on the brink of civil war. But some had difficulty aligning the new theory to their religious convictions and their faith in a higher power. Thoreau, perhaps the most profoundly affected all, absorbed Darwin’s views into his mysterious final work on species migration and the interconnectedness of all living things. Creating a rich tableau of nineteenth-century American intellectual culture, as well as providing a fascinating biography of perhaps the single most important idea of that time, The Book That Changed America is also an account of issues and concerns still with us today, including racism and the enduring conflict between science and religion.
Who should decide what children are taught in school? This question lies at the heart of the evolution-creation wars that have become a regular feature of the U.S. political landscape. Ever since the 1925 Scopes "monkey trial" many have argued that the people should decide by majority rule and through political institutions; others variously point to the federal courts, educational experts, or scientists as the ideal arbiter. Michael Berkman and Eric Plutzer illuminate who really controls the nation's classrooms. Based on their innovative survey of 926 high school biology teachers they show that the real power lies with individual educators who make critical decisions in their own classrooms. Broad teacher discretion sometimes leads to excellent instruction in evolution. But the authors also find evidence of strong creationist tendencies in America's public high schools. More generally, they find evidence of a systematic undermining of science and the scientific method in many classrooms.