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This book is a new look at the evolution of operational art and its complex roots in history.
Broadly defined as the grey area between strategy and tactics, operational art spans the theory and practice of planning and conducting campaigns and major operations aimed at accomplishing strategic and operational objectives in a given theatre of operations. An intermediate link between strategy and tactics has always existed, but a distinct concept that encompasses a systematic and deliberate plan of campaign for major operations is a mere two hundred years old. Based on country specific case-studies, this book describes how the concepts that underpin operational art originated, how they received practical expression in various campaigns, and how they developed over time. The point of departure is the campaigns of 'the God of War', Napoleon Bonaparte. The book then proceeds with chapters on the evolution of operational art in Prussia / Germany, the Soviet Union / Russia, the United Kingdom, United States, Israel, and China. The final chapter deals with the future of operational art in irregular warfare. Theory is critical to refining and improving existing methods of applying operational warfare, and its importance cannot be overstated; however, to be useful, theory and its accompanying vocabulary must be combined with a proper examination of historical trends and practical experience. The present volume attempts to achieve that combination. This book is a project of the Oxford Leverhulme Programme on the Changing Character of War.
In Napoleon and the Operational Art of War, the leading scholars of Napoleonic military history provide the most authoritative analysis of Napoleon’s battlefield success and ultimate failure. Napoleon’s development and mastery of the operational art of warfare is revealed as each chapter analyzes one Napoleonic war or major campaign of a war. To achieve this, the essays conform to the common themes of Napoleon’s planning, his command and control, his execution of plans, and the response of his adversaries. Napoleon's sea power and the British response to the French challenge at sea is also investigated. Overall, this volume reflects the finest scholarship and cutting-edge research to be found in Napoleonic Military History. Contributors include Jonathan Abel, Robert M. Citino, Huw Davies, Mark T. Gerges; John H. Gill; Jordan Hayworth, Kenneth G. Johnson, Michael V. Leggiere, Kevin D. McCranie, Alexander Mikaberidze, Frederick C. Schneid, John Severn, Dennis Showalter, Geoffrey Wawro, and John F. Weinzierl.
In Napoleon and the Operational Art of War, the leading scholars of Napoleonic military history provide the most authoritative analysis of Napoleon’s battlefield success and ultimate failure in a work that features the very best of campaign military history.
Smallholder farmers and pastoralists fulfil an invaluable yet undervalued role in conserving biodiversity. They act as guardians of locally adapted livestock breeds that can make use of even marginal environments under tough climatic conditions and therefore are a crucial resource for food security. But in addition, by sustaining animals on natural vegetation and as part of local ecosystems, these communities also make a significant contribution to the conservation of wild biodiversity and of cultural landscapes. This publication provides a glimpse into the often intricate knowledge systems that pastoralists and smallholder farmers have developed for the management of their breeds in specific production systems and it also describes the multitude of threats and challenges these often marginalized communities have to cope with.
"This monograph examines the evolution of operational art by defining the major contributions offered by Alexander the Great, Napoleon, U.S. Grant and the Russians/Soviets of the early twentieth century to demonstrate how each of these contributions was linked to some fundamental change in the natures of their societies"--Abstract
Master's Thesis from the year 2023 in the subject World History - Early and Ancient History, grade: A+, , language: English, abstract: This research suggests that the Egyptian Pharaohs during the New Kingdom applied operational art. Accordingly, theoreticians and practitioners should date the origins of operational art at least as early as Ancient Egypt. The significance of this study is paramount, as it expands the boundaries of military history by showing that the origins of operational art do not lie exclusively within nineteenth century military conflicts in Europe and America. Additionally, it proves that operational art is a timeless phenomenon and will continue to evolve and withstand the changing conditions of future warfare. Instead of relating operational art to a specific country, military scholars should put the pieces of the operational paradigm together, starting from the early beginning to the modern times. Man’s history in the lands of the Nile extends back to the dawn of humankind and is one of the possible locations where man first crossed the line from indiscriminative violence to organized warfare. However, military historians ignore ancient Egyptians’ contribution to military art and science by relating the origins of operational art to European and American practitioners of the nineteenth century. Did the ancient Egyptian military reached a high level of sophistication, and did it practice operational art as conceived by modern military theorists during the New Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age (1550–1070 B.C.)? This work makes the case that operational art emerged during that period. This study explains how Ancient Egypt’s war machine reached a high level of sophistication through a brief examination of Ancient Egypt warfare. It then examines the Pharaohs’ campaigns in the Asiatic theatre using operational factors and elements as discussed within the current U.S. Army doctrine.