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This book traces the evolution of a new independence of thought displayed by the Australian government towards foreign policy, and in particular towards its relations with Indonesia, after the Second World War. During the period 1901-1941 two distinct ideologies had formed over Australian strategic policies: pro-Imperial and self reliance. The Second World War challenged previously sacrosanct expectations regarding Australia's military relationship with the United Kingdom. With the Fall of Singapore in 1942 Australia was forced to contemplate the implications of national selfdefence and its own regional interests. Shaped by the experiences of war, alternative foreign and strategic policies were explored that challenged previous assumptions. The emergence of widespread Indonesian nationalism after the Second World War meant that the possible regional security benefits of Dutch rule in the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) diminished. Yet Dutch failure to provide security against Japanese aggression during the Second World War was exacerbated by their post-war misjudgements and inflexibility toward the Indonesian Republicans. These two factors greatly influenced Australian post-war policies toward the NEI. From an initial position of concerned neutrality, the Chifley government shifted to supporting the Indonesian nationalists. This new independence of thought was shaped by the failure of the pro-Imperial ideal in 1942, diplomatic reconstruction (1942-1945) and a post-war ambition of middle power diplomacy through the United Nations. This book is based on Adam's MA Hons thesis at Macquarie University, Sydney. Based at the Research School of Social Sciences (Department of History) at the Australian National University, Canberra, he is currently researching Australian foreign debates and attitudes in the 1950s and 1960s.
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Examines how Australia's two dominant external relationships have evolved from 1788 to 1987.
‘honest, and provides a framework against which to judge foreign policy actions and achievements’ Cameron Forbes, Age ‘It will stand for the thoughtful Asian as the major document of Australia’s credentials for regional partnership . . . a dossier of almost everything you need to know about contemporary Australian foreign policy.’ Professor Stephen Fitzgerald, Director, Asia–Australia Institute Australia’s Foreign Relations is the most rigorous, lively and comprehensive ‘insider’ account ever written about the shape and direction of Australian foreign policy. This thoroughly revised edition keeps it fully abreast of a changing world. This book is indispensable for anyone who follows current affairs. Its contents range from a concise analysis of the practice and politics of making foreign policy—what it is that diplomats and foreign ministers do—to the exploration of Australia’s relationships, as a middle power, with all regions of the world. Among the many subjects covered is the new internationalist agenda, from human rights and global environmental issues to arms control. Australia’s Foreign Relations will be equally valuable for students of politics, history, international relations and economics—for, as the authors stress, foreign policy and Australia’s economic fortunes are now inextricably linked.
Australia's Foreign Relations is a rigorous, lively and comprehensive insider account of how Australian foreign policy works. It runs the full gamut of issues fundamental to Australia's place in, and relationships with, the world. It is aimed at researchers, policy makers and students of international relations, international economics, politics and history.