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This book provides a basic guide to the iron and steel industry in a single convenient reference source. The origins of steel and its manufacture are explained first, with a basic outline of the principal steel grades. The author then goes on to look at production and consumption and its commercial significance. He also analyses the global trade in steel and shows its importance to the metals industry as alloying elements and coatings. The final section considers the future for steel, the changing trade patterns, environmental issues and the threat of substitutes to the industry.
The difficulty of achieving and implementing a global climate change agreement has stimulated a wide range of policy proposals designed to favour the participation of a large number of countries in a global cooperative effort to control greenhouse gas emissions. This significant book analyses the viability of controlling climate change through a set of regional or sub-global climate agreements rather than via a global treaty. The authors argue that the principal challenge in devising a truly global architecture is in providing sufficient incentives for all party participation whilst also ensuring compliance, which raises global governance issues. The main purpose of this study is not to trace in detail the process of negotiation and implementation of international regimes, but rather to evaluate whether a series of regional or sub-global agreements is more likely to achieve climate change control than a global agreement attempted from the outset. From a political science perspective, the focus centres on institution building and governance. From an economic perspective it concentrates on incentives used to encourage participation in a global and non-fragmented agreement. Lessons from EU integration and actual global and regional trade agreements are employed in order to analyse the future prospects of climate change negotiations. The focus on climate change and more generally the management of environmental and resource problems will make this book essential reading for participants, observers and analysts of the public policy process as it concerns climate change and more generally the management of environmental and resource problems. In addition the rich combination of international relations theory and economic literature with findings from the policy process will appeal to both general readers and the academic community.
This book collects perceptions and needs expectations and experiences concerning the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning in the steel sector. It contains a selection of themes discussed within the Workshop entitled “Impact and Opportunities of Artificial Intelligence in the Steel Industry” organized by the European Steel Technology Platform as an online event from October 15 until November 5, 2020. The event aimed at analyzing the diffusion of AI technologies in steelworks and at providing indications for future research, development and innovation actions addressing the sector demands. The chapters treat general analyses on transversal themes and applications for process optimization, product quality enhancement, yield increase, optimal exploitation of resources and smart data handling. The book is devoted to researchers and technicians in the steel or AI fields as well as for managers and policymakers exploring the opportunities provided by AI in industry.
This work examines the reasons behind Britain's economic decline since the 1960s. Focusing on the restructuring of British industry and trading policy, the author discusses the causes and effects of deindustrialization and changes to traditional trading patterns. Particular attention is devoted to the impact of the EU. The work provides: * A new perspective by focusing on industry and trade rather than monetary issues; * A good comparative study of Britain's trading partners and rivals; * An accessible and relatively jargon-free discussion of a topical and far-reaching subject.