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The escalating international wildlife trafficking crisis : ecological, economic and national security issues : joint hearing before the Subcommittee on African Affairs and the Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, second session, May 21, 2014.
Over the last decade, wildlife trafficking has grown into an international crisis. It is a multibillion-dollar industry driven by dangerous and sophisticated transnational criminal syndicates used by some terrorist groups to fund their operations. These poachers and traffickers are organized, well-financed, heavily armed, and extremely dangerous. The scale at which poachers are operating is threatening the very survival of some of the world's most iconic wildlife. Last year alone, roughly 35,000 elephants and 1,000 rhinos were killed in Africa. The loss of these wildlife populations, coupled with the security and stability threats of poachers and traffickers, is having a serious impact on the economic development of many African communities that rely on tourism for revenue, as well.
The illicit trade in wildlife products has undergone a dramatic escalation in the last decade, developing into a multibillion-dollar global criminal enterprise that is increasingly militarized, sophisticated, and deadly. Equally alarming is the danger that poaching and trafficking networks pose for human security and development and the growing nexus between wildlife trafficking, armed militant groups, deepending insecurity, and government corruption. Poaching and wildlife trafficking thrive where governance is weak and in turn they generate revenues for armed transnational groups that further deepen insecurity, corrode governance, and terrorize vulnerable communities in the regions in which they operate. Disrupting trrafficking networks in countries that serve as a source, transit corridor, or destination for illegal wildlife products will require a sustained and concerted international effort that must engage local, national, regional, and global institutions. It must include fast-track interventions as well as longer-term measures to improve governance, rule of law, and economic opportunity in some of the world's most fragile regions.
In the past decade, wildlife trafficking--the poaching or other taking of protected or managed species and the illegal trade in wildlife and their related parts and products--has escalated into an international crisis. Wildlife trafficking is both a critical conservation concern and a threat to global security with significant effects on the national interests of the United States and the interests of our partners around the world. As President Obama said in Tanzania in July 2013, on issuing a new Executive Order to better organize United States Government efforts in the fight against wildlife trafficking, wildlife is inseparable from the identity and prosperity of the world as we know it. We need to act now to reverse the effects of wildlife trafficking on animal populations before we lose the opportunity to prevent the extinction of iconic animals like elephants and rhinoceroses. Like other forms of illicit trade, wildlife trafficking undermines security across nations. Well-armed networks of poachers, criminals, and corrupt officials exploit porous borders and weak institutions to profit from trading in illegally taken wildlife. This book discusses national strategy, implementation plans, and restrictions on elephant ivory trade.
The report presents the latest assessment of global trends in wildlife crime. It includes discussions on illicit rosewood, ivory, rhino horn, pangolin scales, live reptiles, tigers and other big cats, and European eel. The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic has highlighted that wildlife crime is a threat not only to the environment and biodiversity, but also to human health, economic development and security. Zoonotic diseases - those caused by pathogens that spread from animals to humans - represent up to 75% of all emerging infectious diseases. Trafficked wild species and the resulting products offered for human consumption, by definition, escape any hygiene or sanitary control, and therefore pose even greater risks of infection.
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