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This book is a sequel to The Enigmatic Photon. Volume 1: The Field IX(3)/SUP /EM(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994), which presented the first systematic development of the fundamental magnetizing field of electromagnetic radiation: the field £Ii£(3). Its 12 chapters collectively describe the properties of Ii(3) in a vacuum and in the interaction of light with matter. The present volume deals with the development of the theory of the Evans--Vigier field Ii(3). It opens with the derivation of the novel field Ii(3) from the Dirac equation of relativistic quantum field theory. The existence of Ii(3) in the vacuum means that the gauge group of electromagnetism becomes 0(3), the group of rotations. This is non-Abelian, and so requires a self-consistent development of the vacuum Maxwell equations themselves. The role of Ii(3) is discussed in unified field theory and quantum electrodynamics. The classical vacuum field Ii(3) is a novel, fundamentally important feature of electrodynamics which indicates that the particulate photon carries mass, thus settling a longstanding debate in favour of protagonists of photon mass. For researchers and graduate students interested in the theory of electromagnetic radiation.
The Rationale for the Present Book Perhaps the most critical problem facing present-day particle physicistsis to delineate the relationship between classical and quantum systems. This relationship has many facets. Particle-waveduality is one. The concept of the point particle is another. And theconcept of particle mass is yet another. The electron, as the lightest of the charged particles, represents a fundamental "ground state",and many of the essential problems in the murky area between the domainsofclassical and quantum physics can be brought into focus by studyingjust this one particle. Thus the present book is centered on questions that arise in connection with the electron, and in particular with its mass, which has remained an unsolved, and indeed almost unexplored, mystery. Each student ofphysics, beginner and professional alike, has to fashion for himselfa way of thinking about the electron. If, after reading this book, the reader views this topic somewhat differently than before, the efforts of the author will have been amply rewarded. When physicists were confronted with the properties of the electron, they made a conceptualleap into the unknown: they concluded that the electron does not obey classical laws with respect to mechanics (as connected to the spin of the electron), and also with respect to electrodynamics (as connected to the magnetic moment of the electron).
This book is a sequel to The Enigmatic Photon. Volume 1: The Field IX(3)/SUP /EM(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994), which presented the first systematic development of the fundamental magnetizing field of electromagnetic radiation: the field £Ii£(3). Its 12 chapters collectively describe the properties of Ii(3) in a vacuum and in the interaction of light with matter. The present volume deals with the development of the theory of the Evans--Vigier field Ii(3). It opens with the derivation of the novel field Ii(3) from the Dirac equation of relativistic quantum field theory. The existence of Ii(3) in the vacuum means that the gauge group of electromagnetism becomes 0(3), the group of rotations. This is non-Abelian, and so requires a self-consistent development of the vacuum Maxwell equations themselves. The role of Ii(3) is discussed in unified field theory and quantum electrodynamics. The classical vacuum field Ii(3) is a novel, fundamentally important feature of electrodynamics which indicates that the particulate photon carries mass, thus settling a longstanding debate in favour of protagonists of photon mass. For researchers and graduate students interested in the theory of electromagnetic radiation.
This book is a sequel to The Enigmatic Photon. Volume 1: The Field IX(3)/SUP /EM(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994), which presented the first systematic development of the fundamental magnetizing field of electromagnetic radiation: the field £Ii£(3). Its 12 chapters collectively describe the properties of Ii(3) in a vacuum and in the interaction of light with matter. The present volume deals with the development of the theory of the Evans--Vigier field Ii(3). It opens with the derivation of the novel field Ii(3) from the Dirac equation of relativistic quantum field theory. The existence of Ii(3) in the vacuum means that the gauge group of electromagnetism becomes 0(3), the group of rotations. This is non-Abelian, and so requires a self-consistent development of the vacuum Maxwell equations themselves. The role of Ii(3) is discussed in unified field theory and quantum electrodynamics. The classical vacuum field Ii(3) is a novel, fundamentally important feature of electrodynamics which indicates that the particulate photon carries mass, thus settling a longstanding debate in favour of protagonists of photon mass. For researchers and graduate students interested in the theory of electromagnetic radiation.
Focusing on the unresolved debate between Newton and Huygens from 300 years ago, The Nature of Light: What is a Photon? discusses the reality behind enigmatic photons. It explores the fundamental issues pertaining to light that still exist today. Gathering contributions from globally recognized specialists in electrodynamics and quantum optics, the book begins by clearly presenting the mainstream view of the nature of light and photons. It then provides a new and challenging scientific epistemology that explains how to overcome the prevailing paradoxes and confusions arising from the accepted definition of a photon as a monochromatic Fourier mode of the vacuum. The book concludes with an array of experiments that demonstrate the innovative thinking needed to examine the wave-particle duality of photons. Looking at photons from both mainstream and out-of-box viewpoints, this volume is sure to inspire the next generation of quantum optics scientists and engineers to go beyond the Copenhagen interpretation and formulate new conceptual ideas about light–matter interactions and substantiate them through inventive applications.
Volume 3 of The Enigmatic Photon develops the theory and practical applications of the B(3) field. The opening chapters are based on the Dirac equation of a single fermion in a circularly-polarized electromagnetic field, an equation which defines the way in which B(3) interacts with matter. These chapters predict the theoretical possibility of nuclear magnetic resonance at infrared and visible frequencies. The third chapter considers the optical Aharonov-Bohm effect due to B(3), and suggests a mechanism for action at a distance in electrodynamics. Subsequent chapters discuss the radiation theory of B(3) and relate it to the theory of fine photon mass. The final two chapters treat the theory of B(3) in cosmology and summarize future experimental developments. This book is a sequel to Volume 1, The Field B(3), which presents the first systematic description of the fundamental magnetizing field of electromagnetic radiation and Volume 2, Non-Abelian Electrodynamics, which deals with the development of the theory of the Evans-Vigier field B(3). Audience: This book will be useful to researchers whose work involves nuclear magnetic resonance.
Annotation "This monograph is intended for the students of the third year and higher, for postgraduates, for the professional scientists (both experimentalists and theoreticians) dealing with Vavilov-Cherenkov and synchrotron radiations."--Jacket.
In Newton's classical mechanics, time played the role of a monotonically increasing evolution parameter. Einstein rejected the Newtonian concept and instead identified time as the fourth coordinate of a space-time four-vector. Today, scientists are considering different concepts of time as a means of resolving incompatibilities between relativity and quantum mechanics. Some view time as an emergent property of a system rather than a fundamental property, while others consider two temporal variables. The purpose of this book is to examine the role of time in modern physics so that the reader gains an increased awareness of time and its place in our understanding of nature.
Written for both the layman and the professional, this may be the long-awaited revolution in physical science.
The Symposium entitled: Causality and Locality in Modern Physics and As tronomy: Open Questions and Possible Solutions was held at York University, Toronto, during the last week of August 1997. It was a sequel to a similar sym posium entitled: The Present Status of the Quantum Theory of Light held at the same venue in August 1995. These symposia came about as a result of discussions between Professor Stanley Jeffers and colleagues on the International Organizing Committee. Professor Jeffers was the executive local organizer of the symposia. The 1997 symposium attracted over 120 participants representing 26 different countries and academic institutions. The broad theme of both symposia was the enigma of modern physics: the non-local, and possibly superluminal interactions implied by quantum mechanics, the structure of fundamental particles including the photon, the reconciliation of quantum mechanics with the theory of relativity, and the nature of gravity and inertia. Jean-Pierre Vigier was the guest of honour at both symposia. He was a lively contributor to the discussions of the presentations. The presentations were made as 30-minute lectures, or during an evening poster session. Some participants did not submit a written account of their presentation at the symposium, and not all of the articles submitted for the Proceedings could be included because of the publisher's page limit. The titles and authors of the papers that had to be excluded are listed in an appendix.