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This study looks at factors affecting perceptions of external threats held by the leadership of each of the five ASEAN member-states. Five relevant 'dimensions' are identified (structural, geopolitical, historical, sociocultural, and economic), and the perceptions of the five states' leaders of the major external threats facing their nations are examined on these dimensions.
This book explores elite perceptions of the external threats facing the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), drawing on Dr. Tilman's interviews with senior political, military, and intellectual leaders in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. He supplements his interviews with an examination of their writings, speeches, and other public statements, which he examines in the context of the history, geography, culture, and governmental structures of each country. He addresses the fundamental questions of the extent to which these perceptions differ and why. His focus throughout is on subjective reality--the world as it is perceived by the leadership of the ASEAN nations.
This ground-breaking volume considers the ethical aspects of foreign policy change through five interrelated dimensions: conceptual, security, economic, normative and diplomatic. Defining ethics and what an ethical foreign policy should be is highly contested. The book includes many very different viewpoints to reflect the strong divergence of opinion on such issues as humanitarian intervention, free trade, the doctrine of preemption, political corruption and human rights. The thematic approach provides this volume with a clear organizational structure, giving readers a balanced overview of a number of important conceptual and practical issues central to the ethical analysis of states' conduct and foreign policy making. An impressive group of international scholars and practitioners, including a New Zealand Foreign Minister, a US National Security Advisor, and an ICJ Justice, makes this volume ideally suited to courses on international relations, security studies, ethics and human rights, philosophy, media studies and international law.
How can a developing, democratic and predominantly Muslim country like Indonesia manage its foreign relations, while facing a myriad of security concerns and dilemmas in the increasingly complex post-Cold War international politics, without compromising its national interests and sacrificing its independence? Approaching this problem from the vantage point of the Indonesian foreign policy elite, this book explores the elite's perceptions about other states and the manner in which these shape the decision-making process and determine policy outcomes. The combined qualitative and quantitative research strategy draws on a unique series of in-depth interviews with 45 members of the Indonesian foreign policy elite that included the country's (present and/or former) presidents, cabinet ministers, high-ranking military officers, and senior diplomats. Among all state actors, Indonesian relations with the United States and China are the highest concern of the elite. The leaders believe that, in the future, Indonesia will increasingly have to manoeuvre between the two rival powers. While the United States during George W. Bush's presidency was seen as the main security threat to Indonesia, China is considered the main malign factor in the long run with power capabilities that need to be constrained and counter-balanced.
Asia, especially East Asia, has seen unprecedented economic transformation in recent decades, and the momentum is likely to continue despite the occasional blips and turbulences. Indeed, the economic focus has shifted from the Atlantic to the Pacific. A booming Asia has both opportunities and challenges for the Arab Gulf states which already depend on Asia for approximately 52 percent of their total trade. Much of Asia's increased demand for energy will be met by the countries of the Arab Gulf. A major challenge in this regard, is also to safeguard the security and safety of navigation in the vital sea-lanes through which increasing number of tankers will travel. However, energy need not be the only basis of cooperation. Generally, the East Asian economies have become competitive through effective use of information technology and skill development. Institutional link-up between the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) offers a good basis for a quick start at the political level, thus paving the way for more broad-based cooperation involving economic, security and cultural dimensions. Political will and determination are required to give impetus to this effort.
The Limits of Alignment is an engaging and accessible study that explores how small states and middle powers of Southeast Asia ensure their security in a world where they are overshadowed by greater powers. John D. Ciorciari challenges a central concept in international relations theory—that states respond to insecurity by either balancing against their principal foes, “bandwagoning” with them, or declaring themselves neutral. Instead, he shows that developing countries prefer limited alignments that steer between strict neutrality and formal alliances to obtain the fruits of security cooperation without the perils of undue dependency. Ciorciari also shows how structural and normative shifts following the end of the Cold War and the advent of U.S. primacy have increased the prevalence of limited alignments in the developing world and that these can often place constraints on U.S. foreign policy. Finally, he discusses how limited alignments in the developing world may affect the future course of international security as China and other rising powers gather influence on the world stage.
This is the first book in several years to review the foreign policies of major Southeast Asian states and the first ever to include those frequently neglected smaller states. It is also unique in the editors' adherence to a new comparative framework which attempts to weave together the earlier literature on comparative foreign policy analysis and current concepts of political economy. Comparative foreign policy studies are introduced by three distinguished scholars in that field. A general survey of international relations in Southeast Asia then precedes the country chapters, all authored by experienced specialists. A concluding chapter attempts to identify the emerging patterns of Southeast Asian foreign policy and suggest explanations for them.