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The GAMM Committee for Numerical Methods in Fluid Mechanics organizes workshops which should bring together experts of a narrow field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to exchange ideas and experiences in order to speed-up the development in this field. In this sense it was suggested that a workshop should treat the solution of CFD problems on vector computers. Thus we organized a workshop with the title "The efficient use of vector computers with emphasis on computational fluid dynamics". The workshop took place at the Computing Centre of the University of Karlsruhe, March 13-15,1985. The participation had been restricted to 22 people of 7 countries. 18 papers have been presented. In the announcement of the workshop we wrote: "Fluid mechanics has actively stimulated the development of superfast vector computers like the CRAY's or CYBER 205. Now these computers on their turn stimulate the development of new algorithms which result in a high degree of vectorization (sca1ar/vectorized execution-time). But with 3-D problems we quickly reach the limit of present vector computers. If we want e.g. to solve a system of 6 partial differential equations (e.g. for u, v, w, p, k, € or for the vectors u, curl u) on a 50x50x50 grid we have 750.000 unknowns and for a 4th order difference method we have circa 60 million nonzero coefficients in the highly sparse matrix. This characterizes the type of problems which we want to discuss in the workshop".
The scope of the present book is to offer the most efficient tools for the vectorization of serial computer programs. Here, by vectorization we understand the adaptation of computer programs to the special architecture of modern available vector computers to exploit fully their potential, which will often result in remarkable performance improvements. The book is written primarily for users working in the various fields of computational physics, for scientists as well as for programmers running their jobs on a vector computer. The text may, however, also be of value to those who are interested in numerical algorithms. Although the examples discussed in chapter 9 have been taken from Computational Fluid Dynamics, the numerical methods are well-known, and are applied in many fields of Computational Physics. The book is divided into four parts. After a short introduction which outlines the limits of conventional serial computers in contrast to the possibilities offered by the new vector machines, the second part is addressed to the discussion of some main features of existing computer architectures. We restrict ourselves to the vector computers CRAY-1S and CDC-CYBER 205, although, in the meantime, many vector and parallel computers and array processors are available such as DENELCOR's Heterogeneous Element Processor (HEP), ICL's Distributed Array Processor (DAP), SPERRY UNIVAC's Array Processing System (APS), STAR TECHNOLOGIES ST-l00, FLOATING POINT SYSTEMS' Array Processor (FPS), FUJITSU's FACOM VP-l00 and VP-200, HITACHI's Integrated Array Processor (lAP), HITACHI's S 810/10 and S 810/20 and others.
Supercomputer technologies have evolved rapidly since the first commercial-based supercomputer, CRAY-1 was introduced in 1976. In early 1980's three Japanese super computers appeared, and Cray Research delivered the X-MP series. These machines including the later-announced CRAY-2 and NEC SX series created one generation of supercomputers, and the market was spread dramatically. The peak performance was higher than 1 GFLOPS and the compiler improvement was remarkable. There appeared many articles and books that described their architecture and their performance on The late 1980's saw a new generation of supercomputers. several benchmark problems. Following CRAY Y-MP and Hitachi S-820 delivered in 1988, NEC announced SX-3 and Fujitsu announced the VP2000 series in 1990. In addition, Cray Research announced the Y-MP C-90 late in 1991. The peak performance of these machines reached several to a few ten's GFLOPS. The hardware characteristics of these machines are known, but their practical performance has not been well documented so far. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is one of the important research fields that have been progressing with the growth of supercomputers. Today's fluid dynamic re search cannot be discussed without supercomputers and since CFD is one of the im portant users of supercomputers, future development of supercomputers has to take the requirements of CFD into account. There are many benchmark reports available today. However, they mostly use so called kernels. For fluid dynamics researchers, benchmark test on real fluid dynamic codes are necessary.
In a book that will be required reading for engineers, physicists, and computer scientists, the editors have collated a number of articles on fluid mechanics, written by some of the world’s leading researchers and practitioners in this important subject area.
Using HPC for Computational Fluid Dynamics: A Guide to High Performance Computing for CFD Engineers offers one of the first self-contained guides on the use of high performance computing for computational work in fluid dynamics. Beginning with an introduction to HPC, including its history and basic terminology, the book moves on to consider how modern supercomputers can be used to solve common CFD challenges, including the resolution of high density grids and dealing with the large file sizes generated when using commercial codes. Written to help early career engineers and post-graduate students compete in the fast-paced computational field where knowledge of CFD alone is no longer sufficient, the text provides a one-stop resource for all the technical information readers will need for successful HPC computation. - Offers one of the first self-contained guides on the use of high performance computing for computational work in fluid dynamics - Tailored to the needs of engineers seeking to run CFD computations in a HPC environment
The aim of the 1989 GAMM Workshop on 3D-Computation of Incompressible Internal Flows was the simulation of a realistic incompressible flow field in an important industrial application. In view of the difficulties involved in formulating such a test case, requiring the availability of an experimental data base, extreme care had to be taken in the selection of the proper one. Professor I. L. Ryhming's proposal, that the flow through a Francis turbine configuration or parts thereof would be feasible as a test case, because of the numerical challenges as well as the possibility to produce an experimental data base by using the experimental facilities of the Hydraulic Machines and Fluid Mechanics Institute (IMHEF) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), was accepted by the GAMM Committee in April 1987. A scientific committee, formed under the chairmanship of Professor I. L. Ryhming, met a few times to decide on the Francis turbine configuration, the test case specifications, etc. , whereby the design input came from the water turbine experts. This committee decided to restrict the studies to the three following typical applications for the best operating point of the turbine: • simulation of the 3D flow in a Francis runner in rotation • simulation of the 3D flow in the distributor (stay and guide vane rings) of this turbine • simulation of the 3D flow in an elbow draft tube The simultaneous computation of two or three of these geometries was encouraged.