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Intensive forest management practices such as drainage, harvesting, site preparation, regeneration, and fertilization have been frequently blamed for problems related to excessive nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment in receiving waters. Two 25 ha experimental watersheds (D1 control; D2 treatment) on a pine plantation in eastern North Carolina have been monitored since 1988 to study the hydrologic and water quality effects of various silvicultural and water management treatments using a paired watershed approach. Data from a two-year calibration period (1988-90) and a four-year regeneration period (2000-03) were used for the analysis. This study period recorded both the highest (2330 mm in 2003) and lowest (850 mm in 2001) rainfall of the 16-years (1988-2003) of record at this site. Nearly seven years after planting, water table elevations returned back to pre-treatment conditions. However, peak flow rates and consequently annual outflows were generally higher on the treatment watershed D2 compared to the control watershed (D1), indicating that the outflows on the treatment watershed may not have completely returned back to base line conditions. Average outflow nutrient (NO3-N, TKN, and Total-P) concentrations for the treatment (D2) watershed for the period from 2000 to 2003 were, however, similar or somewhat lower than their expected values. Although sediment concentration seems to have slightly increased compared to the calibration period, regeneration did not seem to have any effect by the third year after planting, The water quality concentrations were also much lower than the data reported for agricultural lands in the same region. These results will be evaluated and reported soon in the context of prior data after harvesting in 1995 and planting in 1997 to detect the actual effects of regeneration.
"Pinus radiata (radiata pine) is a versatile, fast-growing, medium-density softwood, suitable for a wide range of end-uses. Its silviculture is highly developed, and is built on a rm foundation of over a century of research, observation and practice. Radiata pine is often considered a model for growers of other plantation species. This book explores current knowledge of, and experience with radiata pine forest plantation management and examines its long-term sustainability. Radiata pine management needs to integrate the biological aspects of tree-growing, with socio-economics, management objectives, practical considerations and other constraints and opportunities. Although stands of radiata pine may appear to be simple, they are actually quite complex ecosystems because they contain large, long-lived trees that change dramatically over time and interact in changing ways with the environment and with other organisms. The focus of this book is on the principles and practices of growing radiata pine sustainably. It also looks ahead to emerging challenges facing radiata pine plantation management, such as the effects of climate change, new diseases and other threats, and meeting changing product needs and societal demands."--Page 4 of cover.
This text details the plant-assisted remediation method, “phytoremediation”, which involves the interaction of plant roots and associated rhizospheric microorganisms for the remediation of soil and water contaminated with high levels of metals, pesticides, solvents, radionuclides, explosives, nutrients, crude oil, organic compounds and various other contaminants. Each chapter highlights and compares the beneficial and economical alternatives of phytoremediation to currently practiced soil and water removal and burial practices. This book covers state of the art approaches in Phytoremediation written by leading and eminent scientists from around the globe. Phytoremediation: Management of Environmental Contaminants, Volume 1 supplies its readers with a multidisciplinary understanding in the principal and practical approaches of phytoremediation from laboratory research to field application.
The protective function of forests for water quality and water-related hazards, as well as adequate water supplies for forest ecosystems in Europe, are potentially at risk due to changing climate and changing land-management practices. Water budgets of forest ecosystems are heavily dependent on climate and forest structure. The latter is determined by the management measures applied in the forestry sector. Various developments of forest management strategies, imposed on a background of changing climate, are considered in assessing the overall future of forest–water interactions in Europe. Synthesizing recent research on the interactions of forest management and the water regime of forests in Europe and beyond, the book makes an important contribution to the ongoing dialogue between scientists dealing with different scales of forest-water interactions. This collaborative endeavour, which covers geographic and climatic gradients from Iceland to Israel and from southern Spain to Estonia and Finland, was made possible through the COST Action "Forest Management and the Water Cycle (FORMAN)", which was launched in 2007 (http://www.forestandwater.eu/). The book will be of particular interest to the research community involved in forest ecosystem research and forest hydrology, as well as landscape ecologists and hydrologists in general. It will also provide reference material for forest practitioners and planners in hydrology and land use.