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The irradiation growth behavior of annealed polycrystalline Zircaloy-2 has been investigated in the DIDO reactor at Harwell at fluences up to 1 x 1025 neutrons (n)m-2 (E > 1 MeV) and in the temperature range 513 to 673 K. Growth strain data for two batches of rolled, annealed Zircaloy plate did not obey the G ? (1 - 3f) texture relationship with transverse direction specimens (f = 0.25 and f = 0.35) exhibiting negative growth following an initial positive transient. The effect of irradiation temperature on growth was not marked over the range studied except that, at 673 K, growth strains appeared to saturate at low fluences. Apart from this, longitudinal and transverse growth strains decreased slightly with increasing temperature above 573 K. Specimens of large grained, ?-annealed Zircaloy with a completely random structure showed virtually no sensitivity of growth to either fluence or temperature under the conditions studied. The apparently anomalous growth behavior of the transverse annealed plate materials cannot be explained by the influence of density changes during growth. It is proposed that the deviation from the expected growth-texture relationship is due to the effects of intergranular stresses which occur as a result of, and in opposition to, irradiation growth in polycrystalline materials.
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We report the development of intergranular and interphase constraints in textured Zircaloy-2, Zr-2.5Nb, and Excel alloy during room temperature tension and compression loading in two or three directions relative to the parent texture. Neutron diffraction was used to track the lattice strain development in the ?-phase (all alloys) and ?-phase (Zr-2.5Nb and Excel) in three principal directions relative to the parent texture. Zircaloy-2 at room temperature is essentially single phase hcp ?Zr. The active deformation mechanisms appear to be, in order of increasing critical resolved shear stress, prism (a) slip, basal (a) slip, tensile twinning and pyramidal (c+a) slip. No compressive twinning was observed. Combined with intergranular constraints due to prior thermal treatment, these mechanisms result in substantial asymmetry in the yield stress and lattice strain development (compression versus tension). In Zr-2.5 Nb and Excel, the ?-phase appears to deform by the same slip mechanisms as Zircaloy-2, and similar assymmetry of the yield stress and lattice strain development is observed. However, the existence of tensile twinning is not clearly evidenced. The ?-phase also deforms by slip, but the critical resolved shear stress is much higher than that for the slip mechanisms in the ?-phase, leading to the development of very large interphase constraints in the plastic deformation regime. This is attributed to a combination of solution strengthening of the ?-phase (by Nb and, in Excel, Mo) and by grain size.