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An analysis is presented of the effect of longitudinal pressure pulsations or vibrations on the velocity distribution in laminar or turbulent fully developed pipe flow. Specifically, the Reynolds equations are formulated in a noninertial reference frame so that the influence of pressure pulsations, vibrations, or a combined pressure and vibrational oscillation can be obtained from a single solution. For axisymmetric developed flow of a constant property (incompressible) fluid, the radial and circumferential momentum equations can be solved and the axial momentum equation is linearized so that the velocity field can be obtained as the sum of a steady and a time-dependent component. By obtaining a solution for the case where the pressure (or amplitude of vibration) varies sinusoidally, one obtains the solution for disturbances of arbitrary waveform through a Fourier series expansion of the disturbance. Results are presented that show that the velocity field is dependent upon the mean flow Reynolds number, a vibrational Reynolds number, and the amplitude of the forcing function. In general, the fluid response to differing waveforms is similar to that obtained for simple harmonic oscillations with respect to the various parameters explored.
Since the 1970’s, an increasing amount of specialized research has focused on the problems created by instability of internal flow in hydroelectric power plants. However, progress in this field is hampered by the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, between fluid mechanics, structural mechanics and hydraulic transients. Flow-induced Pulsation and Vibration in Hydroelectric Machinery provides a compact guidebook explaining the many different underlying physical mechanisms and their possible effects. Typical phenomena are described to assist in the proper diagnosis of problems and various key strategies for solution are compared and considered with support from practical experience and real-life examples. The link between state-of the-art CFD computation and notorious practical problems is discussed and quantitative data is provided on normal levels of vibration and pulsation so realistic limits can be set for future projects. Current projects are also addressed as the possibilities and limitations of reduced-scale model tests for prediction of prototype performance are explained. Engineers and project planners struggling with the practical problems will find Flow-induced Pulsation and Vibration in Hydroelectric Machinery to be a comprehensive and convenient reference covering key topics and ideas across a range of relevant disciplines.
This book presents select proceedings of the Conference on Industrial Problems on Machines and Mechanisms (IPRoMM 2022). It presents a comprehensive coverage of the recent developments in analysis, design and manufacturing of a range of modern and next-generation industrial machines, and solutions to mitigate common and emerging problems in their maintenance and operation. The topics covered include design, manufacturing and performance analysis of mechanical and mechatronic machine components and assemblies, machine dynamics including rotor dynamics, vehicle dynamics, and multi-body dynamics, robotics and automation, hydraulic and pneumatic systems and control, vibration engineering, tribology, condition monitoring, failure analysis, manufacturing systems and processes, reliability and quality engineering, thermo-fluid and combustion systems, aerospace systems, acoustics, automotive engineering, etc. The book discusses theoretical and practical developments in these fields which have direct industrial relevance. The book serves as a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in analysis, design, manufacturing, maintenance, and operation of industrial machinery.
Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
In many plants, vibration and noise problems occur due to fluid flow, which can greatly disrupt smooth plant operations. These flow-related phenomena are called flow-induced vibration. This book explains how and why such vibrations happen and provides hints and tips on how to avoid them in future plant design. The world-leading author team doesn't assume prior knowledge of mathematical methods and provides the reader with information on the basics of modeling. The book includes several practical examples and thorough explanations of the structure, the evaluation method and the mechanisms to aid understanding of flow-induced vibrations. - Helps ensure smooth plant operations - Explains the structure, evaluation method and mechanisms - Shows how to avoid vibrations in future plant design
Papers of the short course on Discharge and Velocity Measurements, Zurich, Aug. 1987 on discharge measurement and calibration, point measures of velocity, measurement of velocity fields, and needed developments.