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The effect of texture and dislocation structure on irradiation creep of Zircaloy-2 (irradiated at about 340 K) and Zr-2.5 wt% Nb alloys (irradiated at about 558 K) is studied by means of a self-consistent model. The model relates the creep behaviour of polycrystals to that of single crystals by taking into account the crystallographic texture, dislocation density, grain shape and the intergranular stresses generated due to the crystallographic anisotropy. Three independent creep compliances of the polycrystal obtained from creep tests on a reference material are used to derive the single crystal creep compliances. These are used to calculate the polycrystalline compliances for the remaining materials. At low irradiation temperatures the predicted polycrystalline compliances agree well with the measured values. The observed behaviour can be described by a climb-assisted glide mechanism in which the creep strain is accommodated mainly by prismatic slip with smaller contributions from basal and pyramidal slip systems. At higher irradiation temperatures, the self-consistent approach can also describe well the creep behaviour of Zr-2.5 wt% Nb samples.
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We report the development of intergranular and interphase constraints in textured Zircaloy-2, Zr-2.5Nb, and Excel alloy during room temperature tension and compression loading in two or three directions relative to the parent texture. Neutron diffraction was used to track the lattice strain development in the ?-phase (all alloys) and ?-phase (Zr-2.5Nb and Excel) in three principal directions relative to the parent texture. Zircaloy-2 at room temperature is essentially single phase hcp ?Zr. The active deformation mechanisms appear to be, in order of increasing critical resolved shear stress, prism (a) slip, basal (a) slip, tensile twinning and pyramidal (c+a) slip. No compressive twinning was observed. Combined with intergranular constraints due to prior thermal treatment, these mechanisms result in substantial asymmetry in the yield stress and lattice strain development (compression versus tension). In Zr-2.5 Nb and Excel, the ?-phase appears to deform by the same slip mechanisms as Zircaloy-2, and similar assymmetry of the yield stress and lattice strain development is observed. However, the existence of tensile twinning is not clearly evidenced. The ?-phase also deforms by slip, but the critical resolved shear stress is much higher than that for the slip mechanisms in the ?-phase, leading to the development of very large interphase constraints in the plastic deformation regime. This is attributed to a combination of solution strengthening of the ?-phase (by Nb and, in Excel, Mo) and by grain size.