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A collaborative occupational health study has been undertaken by Headquarters Director Army Aviation, Middle Wallop, UK, and the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, Alabama, to determine if the use of the monocular helmet-mounted display in the Apache AH MK1 attack helicopter has any long-term (10-year) effect on visual performance. This paper describes the protocol, methodology, development and initial execution phase of this study. The test methodology consists primarily of a battery of vision tests selected to capture changes in visual performance (with an emphasis on binocular visual functions) of Apache aviators over their flight career. Additional sections address demographics, contact lens use, and handedness. It is anticipated that the number of Apache aviators will level out to approximately 70 by the end of the first 3 years of the study. Non-Apache aviators will serve as a control group.
"This is the second biennial interim report for the study titled The Effect of a Monocular Helmet-Mounted Display on Aircrew Health: A Cohort Study of Apache AH Mk 1 Pilots. The principal aim of this occupational health study is to determine if the use of the monocular Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) helmet-mounted display (HMD) in the British Army's Apache AH Mk 1 attack helicopter has any long-term effect on visual performance. Additional information concerning other unique problems of the Apache AH Mk 1 aircrew is elicited as a secondary objective. This study is a collaborative effort between the British Army and the U.S. Army and is conducted under the auspices of The Technical Cooperative Program (TTCP), Subgroup U, Technical Panel 7 (Human Factors in the Aviation Environment). The current report presents the longitudinal data analysis for the approximate 5-year period January 2000 to December 2004. Visual performance data are examined for within- and between-subject differences for seven exposed (AH Mk 1) and 23 control subjects with a minimum of 3 years of measured data."--Report documentation page.
This is the first interim report for the study titled The Effect of a Monocular Helmet-Mounted Display on Aircrew Health: A Cohort Study of Apache AH Mk 1 Pilots. The principal aim of this occupational health study is to determine if the use of the monocular Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) helmet-mounted display (HMD) in the British Army's Apache AH Mk 1 attack helicopter has any long-term effect on visual performance. Additional information concerning other unique problems of the Apache AH Mk 1 aircrew is elicited as a secondary objective. This study is a collaborative effort between the British Army and the U.S. Army and is conducted under the auspices of The Technical Cooperative Program (TTCP), Subgroup U, Technical Panel 7 (Human Factors in the Aviation Environment).
This Brief introduces engineers to the main principles in ethics, research design, statistics, and publishing of human subject research. In recent years, engineering has become strongly connected to disciplines such as biology, medicine, and psychology. Often, engineers (and engineering students) are expected to perform human subject research. Typical human subject research topics conducted by engineers include human-computer interaction (e.g., evaluating the usability of software), exoskeletons, virtual reality, teleoperation, modelling of human behaviour and decision making (often within the framework of ‘big data’ research), product evaluation, biometrics, behavioural tracking (e.g., of work and travel patterns, or mobile phone use), transport and planning (e.g., an analysis of flows or safety issues), etc. Thus, it can be said that knowledge on how to do human subject research is indispensable for a substantial portion of engineers. Engineers are generally well trained in calculus and mechanics, but may lack the appropriate knowledge on how to do research with human participants. In order to do high-quality human subject research in an ethical manner, several guidelines have to be followed and pitfalls have to be avoided. This book discusses these guidelines and pitfalls. The aim is to prepare engineers and engineering students to carry out independent research in a responsible manner.
"This is the second biennial interim report for the study titled The Effect of a Monocular Helmet-Mounted Display on Aircrew Health: A Cohort Study of Apache AH Mk 1 Pilots. The principal aim of this occupational health study is to determine if the use of the monocular Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) helmet-mounted display (HMD) in the British Army's Apache AH Mk 1 attack helicopter has any long-term effect on visual performance. Additional information concerning other unique problems of the Apache AH Mk 1 aircrew is elicited as a secondary objective. This study is a collaborative effort between the British Army and the U.S. Army and is conducted under the auspices of The Technical Cooperative Program (TTCP), Subgroup U, Technical Panel 7 (Human Factors in the Aviation Environment). The current report presents the longitudinal data analysis for the approximate 5-year period January 2000 to December 2004. Visual performance data are examined for within- and between-subject differences for seven exposed (AH Mk 1) and 23 control subjects with a minimum of 3 years of measured data."--Report documentation page.
This is the first interim report for the study titled The Effect of a Monocular Helmet-Mounted Display on Aircrew Health: A Cohort Study of Apache AH Mk 1 Pilots. The principal aim of this occupational health study is to determine if the use of the monocular Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) helmet-mounted display (HMD) in the British Army's Apache AH Mk 1 attack helicopter has any long-term effect on visual performance. Additional information concerning other unique problems of the Apache AH Mk 1 aircrew is elicited as a secondary objective. This study is a collaborative effort between the British Army and the U.S. Army and is conducted under the auspices of The Technical Cooperative Program (TTCP), Subgroup U, Technical Panel 7 (Human Factors in the Aviation Environment).
Proceedings of SPIE present the original research papers presented at SPIE conferences and other high-quality conferences in the broad-ranging fields of optics and photonics. These books provide prompt access to the latest innovations in research and technology in their respective fields. Proceedings of SPIE are among the most cited references in patent literature.
The incorporation of technology into aviation has been exponential. Advancements in microelectronics, stealth technology, engine design, and electronic sensors and displays have converted simple aircraft into formidable flying machines. In this book, recognised experts in aviation helmet-mounted displays (HMDs) summarise 25 years of knowledge and experience in the area of HMD visual, acoustic, and biodynamic performance, and user interface issues such as sizing, fitting, and emergency egress.
Now updated and expanded to cover the latest technologies, this full-color text on clinical refraction uses an easy-to-read format to give optometry students and practitioners all the important information they need. Also covers a wide range of other aspects of the eye exam, including anterior and posterior segment evaluations, contact lens, ocular pharmacology, and visual field analysis. Four new chapters cover wavefront-guided refraction, optical correction with refractive surgeries, prosthetic devices, and patients with ocular pathology. - Offer precise, step-by-step how-to's for performing all of the most effective refractive techniques. - Presents individualized refractive approaches for the full range of patients, including special patient populations. - Contriubtors are internationally recognized, leading authorities in the field. - New full-color design with full-color images throughout. - Completely updated and expanded to include current technologies. - A new chapter on Optical Correction with Refractive Surgeries, including keratoplasty, traditional refractive surgeries (e.g. LASIK and PRK), crystalline lens extraction with and without pseudophakia, the new presbyopic surgery, etc. - A new chapter on Wavefront Guided Refraction provides information on the advantages and limitations the Hartmann-Shack Method for objective refraction plus aberrometry and the refraction and the use of in the correction of the eye with spectacles, contact lenses, and refractive surgery. - A new chapter on Patients with Ocular Pathology reflects the most current knowledge of patients with ocular pathologies. - Provides information on Optical Correction with Prosthetic Devices, including corneal onlays, stromal implants, phakic intraocular lenses, etc. - Includes new chapters and/or discussions on such topics as: Aberrations of the Eye, Refractive Consequences of Eye Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Dry Eye, Diagnosis of Pathology of the Anterior Segment, Diagnosis of Glaucoma, and Diagnosis of Pathology of the Posterior Segment. - Visual Acuity chapter expanded to include the effect of refractive error on visual acuity and statistics on how much of a change in visual acuity is significant. - Objective Refraction, Corneal Topography, and Visual Field Analysis chapters include the addition of new electro-optical and computer techniques and equipment. - Chapters on Multifocal Spectacle Lenses and Contact Lenses now cover newer progressive addition lenses and contact lenses that are now on the market. - Electrodiagnosis chapter revised to take a more clinical approach.