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Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and still represents one of the global health threats to mankind. The World Health Organization estimated more than 10 million new cases and reported more than 1.5 million deaths in 2019, thus ranking TB among the main causes of death due to a single pathogen. Standard anti-TB therapy includes four first-line antibiotics that should be administered for at least six months. However, in the case of multi- and extensively drug-resistant TB, second-line medications must be used and these frequently cause severe side effects resulting in poor compliance. Developing new anti-TB drug candidates is therefore of outmost importance. In this Special Issue dedicated to Tuberculosis Drug Discovery and Development, we present the main and latest achievements in the fields of drug and target discovery, host-directed therapy, anti-virulence drugs, and describe the development of two advanced compounds: macozinone and delpazolid. In addition, this Special Issue provides an historical perspective focused on Carlo Forlanini, the inventor of pneumothorax for TB treatment, and includes an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies which are being exploited nowadays in TB drug development. Finally, a summary of TB vaccines that are either approved or undergoing clinical trials concludes the Special Issue.
TB Drug Repurposing with Network Pharmacology, is an authoritative guide that explores the use of network pharmacology and pharmacogenomics for the repurposing of drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. This book provides an overview of the current state of drug discovery and development for tuberculosis, and highlights the need for new approaches to combat the rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). The book covers various aspects of drug discovery and development for TB, including drug targets, efficacy, safety, toxicity, side effects, and drug interactions. It also discusses the use of drug combinations and synergies to enhance drug efficacy and overcome drug resistance. The book explores the potential of network pharmacology to identify new drug targets and optimize drug combinations for TB treatment. In addition, the book delves into the mechanisms of drug action and resistance, and the importance of host-pathogen interactions in disease pathogenesis. It provides an overview of drug development pipeline, preclinical studies, and clinical trials for TB drug development. Overall, TB Drug Repurposing with Network Pharmacology is an essential resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers involved in the fight against tuberculosis. It provides valuable insights into the current challenges and opportunities in TB drug discovery and development, and offers a roadmap for the development of more effective and affordable TB treatments.
Claiming 1.5 million lives in 2015, tuberculosis is the world's most deadly infectious disease. Because of the population it overwhelmingly affects, however, pharmaceutical companies are uninterested in developing better drugs for the disease. Compound Solutions examines Product Development Partnerships (PDPs), which arose early in the twenty-first century to develop new drugs and vaccines for infectious diseases in low-income countries. Here, for the first time, is a sustained examination of PDPs: the work they do, the partnerships they form, their mission, and their underlying philosophy of addressing global health needs--with implications that extend well beyond tuberculosis. Focusing on two PDPs for tuberculosis--the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (TB Alliance) and Aeras (a nonprofit focused on vaccine development)--Susan Craddock argues that PDPs do much more than product development. As innovative sites of humanitarian pharmaceutical production, they are contravening mainstream pharmaceutical production by tying drug and vaccine research to global health needs rather than shareholder demand. In largely untethering the profit incentive from pharmaceutical production, Craddock shows, PDPs exhibit more creative and efficient scientific practices, reshaping regulatory norms and implementing more ethical forms of clinical trials that enhance community engagement and capacity building. An unparalleled, interdisciplinary analysis of PDPs as politically, socially, scientifically, and economically innovative sites of pharmaceutical production, Compound Solutions is a must for readers in the fields of public health, science and technology studies, and medical social science.
Over the years, India has attained a prominent global position in the manufacture of Generic Drugs. This success can be attributed to its synthetic organic chemistry and chemical engineering strengths, nurtured by the timely policies of the Government of India. However, breakthrough successes in New Drug Discovery have remained elusive, despite the brilliant and sustained efforts of many Indian researchers and Pharma establishments. The Indian National Science Academy thought it appropriate to document India’s New Drug Discovery Research (NDDR) journey to date. Gathering contributions from prominent researchers in the Indian Pharma Industry and Academia, this book highlights their efforts, achievements, and the status quo of Indian NDDR.