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Excerpt from The Economics of Information Technology Explaining the Productivity Paradox We suggested earlier that resource sharing is achieved by division that is, by dividing the resource into parts (these being sub-divisions in space or time) and then associating each part with some determinate use. This 'association requires an act of information, or a logical coupling (and, subsequently, decoupling) of two or more discrete entities. To achieve this, the entities (a part of a resource, and its associated use) must each be represented in logical form, as must be the nature of their association its duration, cost or limitations). Each logical form, in turn, must be distinct (since the parts and uses are discrete), leading ultimately to the idea that the extent of resource sharing will be limited by (1) the supply of distinct logical forms, and (2) the cost of their coupling and decoupling. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from The Economics of Information Technology Explaining the Productivity Paradox The past forty years have seen dramatic advances in the technology of information processing, and its widespread adoption bears testimony to the advent of the 'information society'. However, the economic implications of this transition remain to some degree obscure, since there is little evidence that the new technology has led to clear improvements in productive efficiency. Indeed, during the past twenty years the United States' economy has suffered from a declining rate of productivity growth, despite sharply accelerating investment in computer-based systems. Several attempts have been made to resolve this 'productivity paradox', yet none has proved entirely satisfactory. In this work, we propose a new explanation of the paradox, and present economic evidence in its support. The central argument is that information technology has altered the economies of production in favor of differentiated output, and that our methods of productivity measurement tend to discount the benefits of greater product variety. The validity of this reasoning is demonstrated by an empirical study of the United States' private economy, covering the forty-year period from 1950 to 1989. Despite these results, however, we conclude that declining productivity growth is not merely an accounting fiction, since our current economic system is relatively ill-suited to differentiated production. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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The Economics of Information Technology is a concise and accessible review of some of the important economic factors affecting information technology industries. These industries are characterized by high fixed costs and low marginal costs of production, large switching costs for users, and strong network effects. These factors combine to produce some unique behavior. The book consists of two parts. In the first part, Professor Varian outlines the basic economics of these industries. In the second part, Professors Farrell and Shapiro describe the impact of these factors on competition policy. The clarity of the analysis and exposition makes this an ideal introduction for undergraduate and graduate students in economics, business strategy, law and related areas.
From networks to databases, email to voicemail, the amount of capital being invested in information technology each year is staggering. By 1996, U.S. firms were spending more than $500 billion annually on software, networks and staff. The recently merged Bank of America and NationsBank have an initial IT budget of 4 billion dollars. As firms like this push rapidly into the business world of the 21st century, the question has remained: how do firms measure returns from these substantial investments in information technology? Henry C. Lucas, effectively answers this question by providing a creative and reliable framework for measuring the competitive advantages and profits gained through investments in state-of-the-art information systems. There is value in information technology, and it is possible to show returns, Lucas argues--unfortunately this value just doesn't always show up clearly on the bottom line of a ledger. In five expertly presented sections, he spells out exactly what businesses can expect from their information technology investments--some investments create a measurable value, some do not, but all are important nonetheless. Through a precise mix of frameworks and models, such as an Investment Opportunities Matrix, and punctuated with real examples from successful firms, this is the first book to allow executives to see exactly how their information technology investment can be expected to return value, thereby maximizing their advantages in an age of global competitiveness. Indeed, firms who manage their information systems most efficiently are best suited to succeed in a rapidly evolving marketplace. With so much at stake, Information Technology is certain to be the essential guide for firms determined to compete and flourish in the highly competitive economy of the next century.
Excerpt from Information Resources and Economic Productivity The second trend is the emergence of new information technologies. Recent advances in electronic memory. Processing and transmission devices have brought down the cost per unit performance of elementary data handling functions by some orders of magnitude during the last two decades. And these cost trends show every sign of continuing. Computing, telecommunications and office automation systems based on these devices are beginning to transform the nature of information management throughout the economy. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from An Economic Study of the Information Technology Revolution Integration. As the automated office functions and automated physical production systems within firms become integrated and networked, there is a reversal in the trend to separate out the information management tasks from the remainder of the economy. Information systems link customers to suppliers and offices to factories. In the consequent reintegration of economic activity, information technology plays a more central role in the strategy of businesses and the performance of the economy. It is a popular conception that the primary driving force behind this information revolution has been progress in microelectronic technology, and more particularly in the development of integrated circuits or chips. On this view, the reason why computing power which used to fill a room and cost now stands on a desk and costs $5000, or why pocket calculators which used to cost $1000 now cost $10, is that society happens to have benefitted from a series of spectacularly successful inventions in the field of electronics. As to why the introduction of information technology occurred when it did or took the path that it did why data processing came before word processing, or why computers transformed the office environment before they transformed the factory environment the popular conception is silent. And, since this technology-oriented view of the causes behind the information revolution offers little guidance as to the direction which technological developments have taken thus far, it offers little insight into the direction which they will take in the future. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.