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Enforceability of patent rights is the backbone of the patent system. We review differences in the way patent litigation systems are designed across jurisdictions. We also discuss challenges in collecting and accessing patent litigation data as well as their economic analysis. We provide some descriptive analysis of patent litigation in the U.S. and UK for the period 2010-2016 and 2007-2013, respectively. We also analyze administrative post-grant validity challenges in form of the inter partes review in the U.S. and oppositions at the EPO.
Nations throughout the world receive more patent applications, grant more patents, and entertain more patent infringement lawsuits than ever before. To understand the contemporary patent system, it is crucial to become familiar with how courts and other actors in different countries enable patent owners to enforce their rights. This is increasingly important, not only for firms that seek to market their products worldwide and for the lawyers who provide them with counsel, but also for scholars and policymakers working to develop better policies for promoting the innovation that drives long-term economic growth. Comparative Patent Remedies provides a critical and comparative analysis of patent enforcement in the United States and other major patent systems, including the European Union, Japan, Canada, Australia, China, South Korea, Taiwan, and India. Thomas Cotter shows how different countries respond to similar issues, and suggests how economic analysis can assist in adapting current practice to the needs of the modern world. Among the topics addressed are: how courts in various nations award monetary compensation for patent infringement, including lost profits, infringer's profits, and reasonable royalties; the conditions under which patent owners may obtain preliminary and permanent injunctions, including cross-border injunctions in the European Union; the availability of various options for potential defendants to challenge patent validity; and other matters, such as the availability of criminal enforcement and border measures to exclude infringing goods.
This volume assembles papers commissioned by the National Research Council's Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) to inform judgments about the significant institutional and policy changes in the patent system made over the past two decades. The chapters fall into three areas. The first four chapters consider the determinants and effects of changes in patent "quality." Quality refers to whether patents issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) meet the statutory standards of patentability, including novelty, nonobviousness, and utility. The fifth and sixth chapters consider the growth in patent litigation, which may itself be a function of changes in the quality of contested patents. The final three chapters explore controversies associated with the extension of patents into new domains of technology, including biomedicine, software, and business methods.
Winning the Patent Damages Case serves as a guide to patent litigators and in-house counsel who are either considering an action for patent infringement or who are facing the spectre of a lengthy, expensive litigation. It offers readers an analytical framework for determining the likely damages award in a patent case, which is critical to the decision of whether to settle the case and for how much. It provides valuable information on how to structure the patent case from the outset and assists accused infringers in how to prepare a "shadow" damages case that may result in a much more reasonable damages award in the event of a loss. Finally, the book provides practical suggestions on how to select and work with a damages expert. The second edition discusses the Federal Circuit's decision in Lucent v. Gateway on the entire market rule and damages allocation, as well as subsequent decisions which have employed its reasoning. Other new developments include whether plaintiffs can use licenses obtained in litigation to prove an "established royalty" under the Georgia-Pacific factor No.1; and courts awarding ongoing royalties instead of imposing injunctions.
Economists, legal scholars and policy makers are concerned about the impact of patent litigation on the rate and direction of US innovation and on the functioning of the US intellectual property system. At this time, however, there is no reliable, comprehensive, free and publicly accessible source of patent litigation data. As a first step towards overcoming this limitation, the Office of the Chief Economist (OCE) at the United States Patent and Trademark Office, in collaboration with the National Technical Information Service, undertook a patent litigation data pilot. This paper describes two patent litigation databases from which OCE generated comprehensive patent litigation datasets as a result of the pilot and is releasing for public use. First, we obtained the docket reports on the universe of patent litigation cases in PACER and RECAP and created a dataset for the period 1963-2015. Second, we captured the metadata for these cases, which includes information on the case identifier, parties involved, filing date, and district court location. We hope that free access to comprehensive data will help advance research on the evolving patent litigation landscape and its economic impact.
Insider Information at Your Fingertips Determining the worth of intellectual property (IP) is a complicated task. An IP litigator needs to conclude the monetary damage occurring as a result of harm done to an inventor's or a company's reputation as well as the economic damage caused by compromise of an idea or invention due to its unauthorized usage. Edited by litigation expert Daniel Slottje, Economic Damages in Intellectual Property: A Hands-On Guide to Litigation sheds light on how to quantify damages in IP litigation matters with revealing contributions from IP professionals, attorneys, economics professors, certified public accountants and other damages professionals. This essential resource is thoroughly researched with timely insight on quantification of damages; evaluation of damage claims in trade secrets; patent, copyright, and trademark cases; economic damages; and much more. With IP litigation becoming more and more prevalent today, the demand increases for IP professionals and attorneys to understand how economists, accountants, and financial analysts quantify damages in IP matters. Economic Damages in Intellectual Property: A Hands-On Guide to Litigation demystifies this process and provides you with an "at-your-fingertips" resource brimming with current, relevant information in the field of intellectual property litigation.
This book fills an important gap in the literature and will be very useful both to students of intellectual property and practitioners confronted by the problem of valuing their patent portfolios. An excellent overview of an evolving and challenging area, it provides the necessary background to thinking about the problem of valuation and describes all the major methods in use, including the real options approach. Bronywn H. Hall, University of California, Berkeley, US In depth knowledge and scientific approach are used to improve patent valuation techniques. . . a dream book for both researchers and practitioners interested in identifying the value of creative minds. Bruno van Pottelsberghe, Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, ULB, Belgium The Economic Valuation of Patents provides an original and essential analysis of patent valuation, presenting the main methodologies to value patents in different contexts. Starting with an analysis of the relevance of patent valuation from a strategic, economic and legal perspective, the book undertakes a thorough review of the existing financial and qualitative valuation methodologies. The contributing authors, IP experts from academia and business, discuss the application of valuation issues in various contexts such as patent portfolio management, licensing agreements, IP litigation, IP-backed finance and accounting. For each topic, an introductory theoretical background is provided and specific application contexts are then investigated. This multidisciplinary book bridges theory and practice in a unique and novel way that will be appreciated by graduate students, scholars and practitioners alike.
Over the past three decades, patent litigation has increased in both volume and importance, making this book, designed to help everyone involved improve patent settlement outcomes and processes, an especially valuable resource. It offers a methodical approach for analyzing the economic forces governing settlement decisions. The author's extensive data and analysis offers a systematic method of dealing with the complexity of the decision to settle and handling the information needed to make that decision. Includes 100 charts, many in full color.
In recent years, business leaders, policymakers, and inventors have complained to the media and to Congress that today's patent system stifles innovation instead of fostering it. But like the infamous patent on the peanut butter and jelly sandwich, much of the cited evidence about the patent system is pure anecdote--making realistic policy formation difficult. Is the patent system fundamentally broken, or can it be fixed with a few modest reforms? Moving beyond rhetoric, Patent Failure provides the first authoritative and comprehensive look at the economic performance of patents in forty years. James Bessen and Michael Meurer ask whether patents work well as property rights, and, if not, what institutional and legal reforms are necessary to make the patent system more effective. Patent Failure presents a wide range of empirical evidence from history, law, and economics. The book's findings are stark and conclusive. While patents do provide incentives to invest in research, development, and commercialization, for most businesses today, patents fail to provide predictable property rights. Instead, they produce costly disputes and excessive litigation that outweigh positive incentives. Only in some sectors, such as the pharmaceutical industry, do patents act as advertised, with their benefits outweighing the related costs. By showing how the patent system has fallen short in providing predictable legal boundaries, Patent Failure serves as a call for change in institutions and laws. There are no simple solutions, but Bessen and Meurer's reform proposals need to be heard. The health and competitiveness of the nation's economy depend on it.