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History states and defines rights. A history that is one-sided, that tends to be on the side of the colonizers and disregards the actual truths is an erred discourse, which nullities the rights, self-identity and pride of a nation This book aims to correct the lopsidedness and neglect. Penang and Seberang Perai have kept ancient proofs of population long before the arrival of Francis Light. For the sake of uncovering a history that reaches further in the past and unearths more truths, this book presents three scholars and well-known experts who reveal these early proofs. They are Dr Mokhtar Saidin, an archaeologist, Dr Mahani Musa, a historian and Dr Noriah Mohamed., a linguist. Their researches begin from the early proofs and lead us to the earlier decade of the arrival of East India Company.
There must be a closure to the history of Pulau Pinang (and Kedah). There was no 1786 treaty - no agreement, no document, no signatories. The narrative continues independent of each other, representing an uncomfortable conscience glancing at each as two separate polities of Penang and Kedah, socially and intellectually structured by the year 1786. This book makes a strange revisit to pretension of a fact/event. And it counters the terra nullius doctrine. It also establishes that the lex loci was the Adat Temenggong (customary law) modified by the Qanun (laws) of Kedah. Malay collective memory maintains that Pulau Pinang is integral to the Kedah Sultanate. The island has law, order and society before the presence of the Europeans; not a "band of natives and fishermen" as stereotyped by the colonial narrative, even in the colonial courts. The Malays in Pulau Pinang in recent decades have become 'beggars' to their own history. This book contests that history through moral and legal arguments, as well as raising the themes and issues of representation and redemption.
Professor Sandhu discusses the Indians who lived in Malaya and the effects on Malayan social and economic development, 1786-1957.