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Groundwater is Africa’s most precious natural resource, providing reliable water supplies for many people. Further development of groundwater resources is fundamental to increasing access to safe water across the continent to meet coverage targets and reduce poverty. There is also an increasing interest in the use of groundwater for irrigated agriculture as the climate becomes more variable. Sustainable development of the resource is not a trivial task and depends crucially on an understanding of the hydrogeology and people with the skills to make informed decisions on how groundwater can best be developed and managed in a sustainable fashion. Despite these obvious needs, however, little attention has been paid to the systematic gathering of information about groundwater resources in the past few decades, with the result that data are patchy, knowledge is limited and investment is poorly targeted. This book was written to start to bridge the knowledge gap. The 29 chapters are written by a combination of practitioners and researchers mainly from within Africa using experience from recent and ongoing projects. The chapters highlight the complexity and variety of issues surrounding the development and management of groundwater resources across Africa, and provide a snapshot of groundwater research and application in the early 21st century. Chapters range from strategic discussions of the role of groundwater in development and poverty reduction, to case studies on techniques used to develop groundwater, and modelling methods for managing groundwater systems.
Geology and Natural Resources of Nigeria is an up‐to‐date and comprehensive overview of the geological framework of the continental crust of Nigeria, its evolution, and the natural resources it holds. It covers a wide set of topics and provides a detailed description of the rock units of the Nigerian continental crust, their geological settings and structural characteristics, and the potential of their mineral, energy, and water resources. The book discusses the impact of geo‐resources on the Nigerian economy, includes recommendations on how to fully exploit geo‐resources, and explains how to prevent geological processes that could lead to natural hazards. FEATURES Provides different aspects of the Nigerian continental crust from a multidisciplinary approach Draws on the latest findings in geoscience research to present new insights and perspectives into the development and resource potential of the Nigerian continental crust Includes multiple case studies to illustrate the exploration and evaluation of the geological resources of Nigeria Explores the potential of geological resources for economic and industrial development Presents scientific achievements of authors and researchers from various disciplines and provides recommendations for mitigating natural hazards This handbook is intended for industry professionals, academics, researchers, and students studying earth sciences with a special interest in Africa and learning how its geology impacts the natural resources and overall economy of the continent.
In 2000, various UN organizations launched a collaborative effort to assess the vulnerability of groundwater in several African cities. The project addressed the issue of aquifer vulnerability and the protection of groundwater quality. This book is a collection of thirty peer-reviewed papers on the topic, and provides a glimpse of the situation acr
The Biu Volcanic Province is one of the largest Volcanic Provinces in Nigeria covering an area of 5000 km2 with a thickness of 250m. Geochemical analysis of the volcanic soil revealed the complete leaching of the major elements (CaO, K2O, MgO, MnO, and TiO2) from the surface soil probably into water sources. This may explain the extremely high Ca and K levels especially in the stream water where they display values of 348mg/l and 36 mg/l as against 200mg/l to 12 mg/l respectively of WHO admissible limits for drinking water. The accumulation of transition metals in the soil (Co 84-111ppm; Cr: 230-441ppm); Ni: 169-237ppm) is geogenic derived from the weathering of the host basaltic rock. Cr, Ni, and Cu do not easily form soluble ions in solution explaining why they display lower levels below their respective WHO admissible limits for drinking water. The absence in the soil profile and the extremely higher values of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) (As, Se, Sb, and Pb) in the spring and stream water as opposed to the lower values in the wells and borehole water suggest their extreme solubility, direct leaching and transportation of these elements from the surrounding rocks into the surface water, which may be source of exposure to the inhabitants.