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This book advances the international debate on the development of e-commerce with focus on emerging ASEAN economies. It provides readers insights on Asia’s needs and efforts to improve the regional legal and economic conditions to support e-commerce. This book looks at the rules and regulations on e-commerce, and e-commerce for inclusiveness growth. It provides insights from several ASEAN member states and discovers the requirements for Asian countries to better grasp the new juncture of growth associated with economic digitalization, which also have deep implications on continuous regional integration and community-building.
Boasting the fastest growing Internet market in the world, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is accelerating into the digital economy. This book assesses the potential economic impact of digital economy agreements (DEAs) and the readiness of some ASEAN member states to grow the digital economy in collaboration. The book presents a novel framework to assess countries’ readiness to enter digital economy collaborations, following the architecture of Singapore’s DEAs with its trading partners. It takes a bird’s-eye view of the digital economy in ASEAN and reviews the current state of digital infrastructure and regulations. The book also includes simulation exercises to project economic outcomes delivered by regional collaborations. It also elaborates on the specific strengths and weaknesses of five ASEAN member states. These ASEAN member states include Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The book concludes by revisiting the ASEAN economy as a whole. It points out key issues country leaders need to work on as they proceed with digital economy collaborations. This book is written for scholars, policymakers, and industrial practitioners who wish to learn the latest developments in the ASEAN digital economy.
English Abstract: The digital economy is emerging as a trend of the world economy. The digital economy is narrowly defined as online platforms and activities through them. In other words, the whole values, for instance, created by e-commerce and sharing economy platforms indicate the digital economy. However, in a broader sense, the digital economy goes beyond the realm of certain industries and enterprises. Digital technology is a general-purpose technology, like the internal combustion engine, that brings into force industry, economy, and society-wide innovation. The reason why industries and policy makers pay attention to the digital economy is more related the broad concept of the digital economy. That is, as new products and services backed by the Internet, data, and artificial intelligence technology are spreading, the expectation for the whole economy and industry-level innovation becomes higher. For Southeast Asian and South Asian countries, mainly composed of developing countries, the broader concept of the digital economy seems to be even more important because they seek for the leapfrogging of the economy and society as a whole. The digital economy proves its potential as a source of economic and social 'leapfrogging'. For instance, car hailing services such as Grab and Gojek are wide spread in Southeast Asia; OYO, the hotel booking services, is a big success in India. These cases are important in terms of realization of innovative businesses as well as response to the social demand response and improvement of quality of life quality. They also play a crucial role in creating jobs. Southeast and South Asian countries have a great potential in the digital economy: They generally maintain high economic growth rates, have large markets, young population, and decent ICT utilization levels, etc. The conditions for trade investment are also being improved. Though there are deviations between countries, they have strong incentives to promote digital innovation in order to achieve the qualitative advancement of industries and economy as a whole. Moreover, some countries already have a great competitiveness in digital innovation. The digital economy-related demands are expected to grow in Southeast and South Asian countries. For example, they experience rapid urbanization and demand for improving electricity supply, logistics, finances, etc. with the combination of digitalization. Some countries faces lack of digital skills and technologies, and look for cooperation with external partners. Under these conditions, Korea is potentially an intimate partner that can contribute to substantial leapfrogging of Southeast and South Asian countries. Korea, in term of both businesses and government policy (the New Southern Policy), is now trying to diversify the areas of cooperation with those countries beyond manufacturing sectors. Geographic and cultural proximity, as well as already constructed bilateral economic relationship, is the foundation for cooperation in the digital economy. Because the digita economy is relevant with society and culture as well as the economic and industrial areas, cooperation in the field of the digital economy can supplement the typical pattern of Korea and South East and South Asia relationship, mainly centered in manufacturing production network. Korea and Southeast and South Asian countries need to establish a comprehensive cooperation platform. Through this, they inform partners their digital economy-related agenda/interests and discuss ways for cooperation. Especially, it will provide chances for participants to identify mutual cooperation needs efficiently and specifically. Because cooperation needs in the digital economy are often discovered is unexpected niche areas, a regular dialogue channel is crucial to find specific demands and cooperation potentials. The dialogue platform should include private enterprises as well as policy makers. Innovative small businesses and start-ups should be the focus of cooperation. Korean start-ups' interests in Southeast Asia are now growing. Korean start-ups and venture companies enter Southeast Asian markets in diverse areas such as manufacturing, audiovisual, broadcasting and communication services, professional, scientific and technical services, healthcare, and cultural services. Southeast and South Asian countries are active in introducing foreign start-ups and professionals that possess innovative digital technologies and business models. Singapore, Indonesia and India have the world level start-up ecosystem and are active in investing in foreign start-ups. Meanwhile, as start-up ecosystems of Southeast and South Asia is relatively less known in Korea compared to the United States, Europe and China, needs for the information and connection with local support organizations is high. Korea has to actively participate in multilateral cooperation initiatives covering Southeast and South Asia. The digital economy is an essential element for the sustainable growth of this region, and a major task of external cooperation. For example, in 2017 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) adopted 'APEC Internet and Digital Economy Roadmap' in the Annual Ministerial Meeting(AMM) for the purpose of sharing basic principles among member countries to respond to changes brought by the Internet and the digital economy. The roadmap proposed 11 cooperation areas. Korea is expected to play a large role in many areas such as 'Development of digital infrastructure' and 'Promoting innovation and adoption of enabling technologies and services'. International cooperation in the digital economy seems quite different from that in traditional manufacturing sectors. We cannot apply the traditional compartments of industries to the digital economy. Based upon thorough understanding on the partner country's social context and characteristics, cooperation focusing on local society's demands is of great importance.
The global public health crisis of COVID-19 highlights the importance of digital technology. The digital economy is also booming during the pandemic, which has become one of the major driving forces of economic recovery. Given the vital importance of digital technology and the digital economy, this book provides an in-depth understanding of their implications for the sustainable development of ASEAN-China relations from various perspectives. In addition, authors also contribute their resourceful insights on the sustainable development of both China and ASEAN Member States (AMS) through the lens of eco-tourism, carbon neutrality, social inequality, and others.This book provides a series of high-quality policy recommendations. Specific policy recommendations include: 1) China and ASEAN should launch a project to identify connectivity gaps and detail how this might evolve in future investment in digital and ICT (science, technology and innovation). 2) Efforts should be intensified in digital literacy programs, capacity building, and promotion of digital skills to build workforce capacity in the digital age. 3) As a pacesetter in the digital inclusion agenda in the healthcare sector, China can cooperate with other AMS on digital healthcare projects. 4) Action plans should increase collaborative manufacturing and develop mutual trust in supply chains. 5) China and ASEAN should align STI policies with industrial policies and cooperate in adopting frontier technologies while diversifying their production bases by mastering many existing technologies.6) ASEAN and China should continue facilitating e-commerce, including paperless customs clearance, electronic transaction documents, digital authentication, and electronic and online payments.
Boasting the fastest growing Internet market in the world, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is accelerating into the digital economy. This book assesses the potential economic impact of digital economy agreements (DEAs) and the readiness of some ASEAN member states to grow the digital economy in collaboration. The book presents a novel framework to assess countries' readiness to enter digital economy collaborations, following the architecture of Singapore's DEAs with its trading partners. It takes a bird's-eye view of the digital economy in ASEAN and reviews the current state of digital infrastructure and regulations. The book also includes simulation exercises to project economic outcomes delivered by regional collaborations. It also elaborates on the specific strengths and weaknesses of five ASEAN member states. These ASEAN member states include Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The book concludes by revisiting the ASEAN economy as a whole. It points out key issues country leaders need to work on as they proceed with digital economy collaborations. This book is written for scholars, policymakers, and industrial practitioners who wish to learn the latest developments in the ASEAN digital economy.
Data governance is the cornerstone of digital economy growth, particularly in Asia, where both the digital economy and the policy space are fast expanding. The essays collected in this volume delve into how diverse and rapidly evolving data governance models of ASEAN countries and their Asian partners are shaping the regional digital economy integration particularly through cross-border data flows. The book begins with an examination of the diffusion of data governance rules globally and their economic impacts on a macro level. It then delves into a regional analysis, emphasising the interplay between data governance and economic development. Key discussions include data policies in India, China, South Korea, and ASEAN countries, enriched with insights from industry leaders. The book evaluates the role of regional and international trade agreements in facilitating digital trade and explores the consequences of widely differing data governance models for the ASEAN regional economy, with a special focus on implications for ASEAN's Digital Economy Framework Agreement. Written for scholars of digital economy, data governance and digital trade, this book provides a thorough understanding of Asia's data regulatory environment. Policymakers and industry professionals will also find the book's insights into the intricacies of digital economy policies and their implications useful in navigating the future of digital economic integration and growth in the ASEAN region.
India became a Sectoral Dialogue Partner of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1992. In 1995, India became a full Dialogue Partner. In 2002, ASEAN and India held their first Summit in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Since then, a bilateral Summit has been held annually.India's relations with Southeast Asia date back a thousand years. There are many cultural, religious and people-to-people linkages between India and the 10 ASEAN member states. Trade and investment ties have also grown since the opening of the Indian economy in the early 1990s. Relations are good but not optimal.ASEAN and India: The Way Forward hopes to inspire policymakers on both sides to understand the multifaceted relationship and explore ways to raise the bilateral ties to a higher peak.The book first traces the evolution of ASEAN-India relations over the centuries. It then examines the key areas of convergence and divergence between ASEAN and India. The final part explores the emerging areas where ASEAN and India can deepen their cooperation.
This book addresses key topics related to organization design and knowledge management in the digital economy with organizational context, particularly in Asia. Asian nations are moving fast toward the digital economy, within which the role of organization design and knowledge management is crucial to support innovative and creative ideas for meeting huge market opportunities where customers are ready for digitalization. The book conceptualizes organization design into three dimensions, people, information, and technology, and offers readers a unique valued insight, bringing new perspectives to understanding emerging business opportunities and challenges in Asia. It presents a valuable collection of 14 chapters with empirical studies from leading researchers. The book addresses digital transformation in companies and organizations in Asia, analysing how disruptive technologies can help them have more efficient organization processes, create innovative products and services, be more resilient and achieve sustainable goals in the post-pandemic time. It fills a gap in the market offering a valuable collection of chapters that combines strategic topics for companies, organizations and nations today, such as digital economy, disruptive technologies, big data and knowledge management, with a specific focus on the Asian region, providing rich examples and studies focused in countries and regions within Asia. Written for scholars, researchers and other specialists in digitalization, this book offers a unique collection of insights into the current and future situation in Asia.
This anthology of essays captures the perspectives of youth across Southeast Asia on the impact of technology on their economies and societies. The book highlights the basic requirements to realise technology’s promise, explore the transformative power of technology and how developments in specific sectors have impacted local communities. It also captures the very real anxieties about both the potential of technologies and the power wielded by those who develop, manage and control these technologies.
This paper presents and reviews the role of the digital economy in the deeper Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) economic integration, utilizing the literature review method extensively. The digital economy performs an essential role in deepening the ASEAN regional integration. Digital economy policies can support modern high-tech industries, the development of e-commerce, and the optimization of small and medium-sized enterprises and encourage foreign direct investment. To achieve a digital economy, governments need to consider the regulatory, legal, and policy issues stemming from technology, platforms, and providers. If ASEAN countries are to benefit from the digital economy, privacy, security, intellectual property, and customer protection are some of the issues that their governments must address. Further, interagency cooperation is essential for ASEAN countries to create compelling digital laws and regulations that address the myriad of issues across sectors. To capitalize on the full potential of digitization across the region, there is a need for a supportive policy framework. In particular, the ability to move information quickly and seamlessly across the borders, which will benefit trade, increase innovation, and support financial movements, is crucial. The recommendation of this paper is to encourage ASEAN governments to establish policies on data management that allow member economies to benefit from enhanced efficiency, an extended reach, and reduced costs.