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This 1939 book provided readers with a concise explanation of contemporary developments in the understanding of cosmic rays.
Energy values determined from curvature measurements of 75 cloud-chamber tracks of decay particles of cosmic-ray mesotrons at sea level, in a magnetic field of 7250 gauss, are here reported. The observed spectrum extends from 9 Mev to 55 Mev with an apparently continuous distribution of intermediate energy values and a mean energy of 34 Mev. The shape of the spectrum and the value of its upper limit are strong evidence that the mesotron disintegrates into an electron and two neutrinos. It is concluded that the mesotron has half-integral spin. The value of the observed upper limit of the energy spectrum corresponds to a mass value of the mesotron equal to 217±4 electron masses.
Three large stacks of nuclear emulsions were exposed during 1964-1966 on high altitude balloons launched from Fort Churchill, Canada; Texas, U.S.A.; and Hyderabad, India. These stacks have been used to study the energy spectrum of the cosmic ray nuclei of calcium and heavier, the so-called VH-nuclei. These measurements result in integral intensity values for energies greater than 7.1, 1.58 and 1.00 GeV per nucleon, together with differential intensities over the range 225 less than E less than 1000 MeV per nucleon. Differential intensities were also found for lighter nuclei over varying energy ranges. The differential spectrum observed has a maximum value of about 0.0016 nuclei/sq m ster. sec. MeV per nucleon around E approximately equals 350 MeV per nucleon and falls off at both higher and lower energies. These values are based on the observation of a total of some 1600 VH-nuclei. The energy spectrum has been compared with that observed at similar times for the helium nuclei in order to study the influences of ionization energy losses during propagation of these high Z nuclei. These observations are interpreted as implying that if the source spectra of the VH-nuclei and the helium nuclei are similar then the VH-nuclei have traversed less than 1 g/sq cm of matter while ionization energy loss has been the dominant acceleration term. (Author).