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Excerpt from The Dialect of Robert Burns as Spoken in Central AyrshireIN the notable lack of special studies of the various dialects of Scotland, it is not remarkable that the vernacular of Ayrshire has hitherto failed to receive close attention, in spite of its being the native speech of the national poet. This neglect, no doubt, is mainly due to the fact that Burns in his writings made no attempt to reproduce the local dialect in any exact fashion, but unquestioningly adopted the standard which had been set by his predecessors in the field of Scottish poetry. It was well that he did so, for against the endeavour to reproduce in literature, and above all in poetry, the precise details of any dialect even genius itself may strive in vain. Burns wrote for his country and not merely for his native district, and his countrymen have rightly accepted his words in the form he gave to them, and have pronounced them according to their own habits and instincts.At the same time, Burns could not help being influenced by the speech which he daily heard around him, and the use of which was natural to him. Every now and then, behind the conventional spelling which he had learned from Ramsay and Fergusson, it is possible to detect the real sounds which were in his ears and on his lips. The tell-tale rhyme-words, when carefully considered, frequently reveal what Burns said, in contrast to what he wrote. On the surface, the rhymes in the poetry of Burns are remarkably lax, and many of them Cannot be made exact on any fixed system. Many more, however, are loose only in appearance, and become perfectly regular when the words are pronounced as any native of Ayrshire would utter them.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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The dialect of Robert Burns
This monograph offers a radical reconceptualization of the relationship between the poetics and practice of Robert Burns and reevaluates the nature of his role in the history of Scots. By drawing on ideas from twenty-first-century sociolinguistic theory, it seeks to transform the debate surrounding Burns’s language. Through a series of readings that explore the way in which Burns used and commented on the styles associated with different places, groups and genres, it demonstrates how languages, places, and the identities associated with both are, in Burns’s writing, subject to continual reinvention. In this respect, the study breaks with existing accounts of the subject, insofar as it presents Scots, English and the other languages used by Burns not as fixed, empirically-observable entities, but as ideas that were revised and remade through the poet’s work. Focusing on Burns’s poems, songs, letters, prefaces, and glossaries, the book pays special attention to the complex ways in which the author engaged with such issues as phonology, grammar, and the naming of languages. The Burns who emerges from this book is not the marginal figure of traditional accounts—an under-educated poet alienated from the philological mainstream—but rather a well-informed thinker who, more than any other contemporary writer, embodies the creative linguistic spirit of the eighteenth century.
Standards and Variation in Urban Speech is an examination and exploration of the aims and methods of sociolinguistic investigation, based on studies of Scottish urban speech. It criticially examines the implications of the notions 'vernacular', 'standard language', 'Received Pronunciation', 'social class', and 'linguistic insecurity'. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods using examples from comedians' jokes, dialect poetry, formal and informal interviews, and personal narratives, the work illustrates the actual norms that speakers exemplify in various ways.
The papers in this volume cover a wide range of interrelated syntactic phenomena, from the history of core arguments, to complements and non-finite clauses, elements in the clause periphery, as well as elements with potential scope over complete sentences and even larger discourse chunks. In one way or another, however, they all testify to an increasing awareness that even some of the most central phenomena of syntax – and the way they develop over time – are best understood by taking into account their communicative functions and the way they are processed and represented by speakers’ cognitive apparatus. In doing so, they show that historical syntax, and historical linguistics in general, is witnessing a convergence between formerly distinct linguistic frameworks and traditions. With this fusion of traditions, the trend is undeniably towards a richer and more broadly informed understanding of syntactic change and the history of English. This volume will be of great interest to scholars of (English) historical syntax and historical linguistics within the cognitive-linguistic as well as the generative tradition.