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This practical manual is devised for organic chemists and biochemists who, in the course of their researches and without previous experience, need to determine an ionization constant. We are gratified that earlier editions were much used for this purpose and that they also proved adequate for the in service training of technicians and technical officers to provide a Department with a pK service. The features of previous editions that gave this wide appeal have been retained, but the subject matter has been revised, extended, and brought up to date. We present two new chapters, one of which describes the determination of the stability constants of the complexes which organic ligands form with metal cations. The other describes the use of more recently introduced techniques for the determination of ionization constants, such as Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermometric titrations, and paper electro phoresis. Chapter 1 gives enhanced help in choosing between alternative methods for determining ionization constants. The two chapters on potentiometric methods have been extensively revised in the light of newer understanding of electrode processes and of the present state of the art in instrumen tation.
This book provides for the first time a single comprehensive source of information on the analytical chemistry of nicotine and related alkaloids. The editors have brought together scientists from academia and the tobacco industry to describe the state-of-the-art of the chemistry and analytical methods for measurement of nicotine. Both the scope and detail of the book are impressive. Chapters describe the history, pharmacology and toxicology of nicotine, the biosynthesis of nicotine and other alkaloids in the tobacco plant, the general chemistry of nicotine and the analytical methodologies that have been used to measure nicotine and related alkaloids in biological specimens, in tobacco and pharmaceutical products and in tobacco smoke. There is also a comprehensive review of the chemistry and toxicology of nicotine-derived nitrosamines, an important class of tobacco carcinogens.
Lanthanides Series Determination by Various Analytical Methods describes the different spectroscopic and electrochemical methods used for the determination and measurement of lanthanides. Numerous examples of determination methods used in real sample analysis are gathered and explained, and the importance of lanthanides as applied in chemical industry, agriculture, clinical and pharmaceutical industry, and biology is discussed, with many applications and recent advantages given. - Written by world-leading experts in research on lanthanide determination - Discusses determination methods that range from very advanced and expensive techniques to simple and inexpensive methods - A single source of information for a broad collection of lanthanide detection techniques and applications - Includes a complete list of reports and patents on lanthanide determination - Discusses both advantages and disadvantages of each determination method, giving a well-balanced overview
In this book on Fundamentals of Mass Determination, the definition and dissemination of units of mass is explained, starting with an introduction to metrology and mass determination. Establishing a mass scale requires corresponding mass standards and mass comparators. The metrological requirements for weighing instruments, weight pieces, and measuring conditions are explained and discussed based on international directives and applicable legal regulations. International directives and institutions are striving towards the worldwide uniform implementation of these requirements. Processes used to determine density and volume are described to the extent that they apply to mass determination. Calculating measurement uncertainty entails taking into consideration the effect of influence variables on mass determination. An overview of this topic is provided to make it easier to determine and specify measurement uncertainty in practice, while additional information in the form of tables, illustrations, and literature references allow the reader to study mass metrology further.
Although numerical data are, in principle, universal, the compilations presented in this book are extensively annotated and interleaved with text. This translation of the second German edition has been prepared to facilitate the use of this work, with all its valuable detail, by the large community of English-speaking scientists. Translation has also provided an opportunity to correct and revise the text, and to update the nomenclature. Fortunately, spectroscopic data and their relationship with structure do not change much with time so one can predict that this book will, for a long period of time, continue to be very useful to organic chemists involved in the identification of organic compounds or the elucidation of their structure. Klaus Biemann Cambridge, MA, April 1983 Preface to the First German Edition Making use of the information provided by various spectroscopic tech niques has become a matter of routine for the analytically oriented organic chemist. Those who have graduated recently received extensive training in these techniques as part of the curriculum while their older colleagues learned to use these methods by necessity. One can, therefore, assume that chemists are well versed in the proper choice of the methods suitable for the solution of a particular problem and to translate the experimental data into structural information.
An up-to-date compilation of the theoretical background and practical procedures involved in lignin characterization. Whenever possible, the procedures are presented in sufficient detail to enable the reader to perform the analysis solely by following the step-by-step description. The advantages and limitations of individual methods are discussed and, more importantly, illustrated by typical analytical data in comparison to results obtained from other methods. This handbook serves the need of researchers and other professionals in academia, the pulp and paper industry as well as allied industries. It is equally useful for those with no previous experience in lignin or lignocellulosics.