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Tony Abramson presents this groundbreaking collection of articles centred upon the study of early Anglo-Saxon coinage.
Jews and Crime in Medieval Europe is a topic laced by prejudice on one hand and apologetics on the other. Beginning in the Middle Ages, Jews were often portrayed as criminals driven by greed. While these accusations were, for the most part, unfounded, in other cases criminal accusations against Jews were not altogether baseless. Drawing on a variety of legal, liturgical, literary, and archival sources, Ephraim Shoham-Steiner examines the reasons for the involvement in crime, the social profile of Jews who performed crimes, and the ways and mechanisms employed by the legal and communal body to deal with Jewish criminals and with crimes committed by Jews. A society’s attitude toward individuals identified as criminals—by others or themselves—can serve as a window into that society’s mores and provide insight into how transgressors understood themselves and society’s attitudes toward them. The book is divided into three main sections. In the first section, Shoham-Steiner examines theft and crimes of a financial nature. In the second section, he discusses physical violence and murder, most importantly among Jews but also incidents when Jews attacked others and cases in which Jews asked non-Jews to commit violence against fellow Jews. In the third section, Shoham-Steiner approaches the role of women in crime and explores the gender differences, surveying the nature of the crimes involving women both as perpetrators and as victims, as well as the reaction to their involvement in criminal activities among medieval European Jews. While the study of crime and social attitudes toward criminals is firmly established in the social sciences, the history of crime and of social attitudes toward crime and criminals is relatively new, especially in the field of medieval studies and all the more so in medieval Jewish studies. Jews and Crime in Medieval Europe blazes a new path for unearthing daily life history from extremely recalcitrant sources. The intended readership goes beyond scholars and students of medieval Jewish studies, medieval European history, and crime in pre-modern society.
American Researcher & Symbologist Jeff Friday has compiled the world's most extensive list of Art work with the Greek & Latin Names of God produced in the Old World Cultures. Place finds covered in this book are not just limited to the following: Afghanistan, Northern Africa, Roman-Britain, Anglo-Saxon Britain, Bulgaria, Western China, Egypt, France (Frankia & Merovingian), Georgian, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Korean, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey and many more former Cultural places in History. - Multiple Artifacts in GOD's various Names discovered in some of the following: Mosaics, Jewelry, Coins, Clothing & Apparel, Tapestries, Illuminations, Candles/Lamps, Shield Armor and much more. - Brief description of each Monogram - 280+ Photos or Illustrations - Keyword Indexed for easy Reference Watch how Jeff reveals these newly discovered GOD Monogram Symbols through illustrations that have been hiding in plain site all this time. The book "GODOGRAMS" reveals new concepts and discoveries in the exploration of Symbols and now answers to their meanings. This book will appeal to a large range of readers: Artists, Non-Fiction Symbologist, Ancient Cultural Image exchanges, Students, Teachers and Spiritual connections to Religious Iconography.
American researcher Jeff Friday has compiled the world's most extensive list of "Newly Identified" Art work with the Greek & Latin Names of God. Many Latin references too as the descendant images of the Greco-Hebrew Iconography. Place finds covered in this book are not just limited to the following: Afghanistan, Northern Africa, Roman-Britain, Anglo-Saxon Britain, Bulgaria, Western China, Egypt, France (Frankia & Merovingian), Georgian, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Korean, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey and many more former Cultural places in History. - Multiple Artifacts in God's name discovered in some of the following: Mosaics, Jewelry, Coins, Clothing & Apparel, Tapestries, Illuminations, Candles/Lamps, Shield Armor and much more. - Brief description of each Motif - 217+ Photos or Illustrations
This book demonstrates how the political economy of mercantilism was not simply a Western invention by various cities and kingdoms during the Renaissance, but was the natural by-product of perpetually limited growth rates and rulers’ relentless pursuits of bullion. It contributes to discussions of the economic history surrounding the so-called “Great Divergence” between East and West, which would consequently lend context and credence to differences of economic thought in the world today. Additionally, it seeks to explain present economic thought as tacitly derived from implicit antique paradigms. This book advances fields of research from numismatics and sigillography to historical materialism and historical political economy. Divided into three parts, Orthodox Mercantilism first examines the political theology (the sovereignty) of the œcumene from the early 11th century. Second, it analyzes its peripheral legislation from the customary laws of newly Christianized dynasties up to the Kormčaja Kniga’s adoption (the Nomokanon) by 13th-century Orthodox dynasties across Eastern Europe. Third, it explores how these dynasties (and their own satellite dynasties) hoarded finite bullion to pay for defense, resulting in the 11–14th-century coinless period across Eastern Europe and Western Eurasia. Appealing to students and scholars alike, this book will be of interest to those studying and researching economic and mercantile history, particularly in the context of Byzantine and Eastern European societies.