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Excerpt from The Date of the Ruthwell and Bewcastle Crosses The problem respecting the date of the Ruthwell and Bewcastle crosses is none of the easiest to solve; the only hope of a solution lies in a close and critical examination of every circumstance which might conceivably be of assistance, beginning with the appearance and characteristics of the monuments themselves. Let us first consider in what respects the two crosses resemble each other. Each has the general form of an obelisk.ll Each, if it ever had a cross-piece, has lost it now.8 The two, if the Ruthwell Cross be considered without its unauthorized cross-piece, are not very far from the same height (144 feet: 173 feet), and taper to somewhat the same degree. Each has a vine, with animal figures among its branches, covering one or more faces of the monument - two in the case of the Ruthwell Cross, and one in the case of the Bewcastle Cross. Both have sculptured human figures, the Ruthwell Cross on two faces, the Bewcastle Cross on one; moreover, two of the figure-subjects on one of the crosses are identical with two on the other. Both have runic inscriptions, those on the Ruthwell Cross occupying the borders of the faces which are ornamented with vines, and presenting fragments of an Old English poem, The Dream of the Road, and those on the Bewcastle Cross being found, mostly in an illegible condition, on three faces - that which contains the figure-sculpture, and two adjacent sides - but not on that which is filled with the ornamental vine. Each is found in the domain of a church, the Ruthwell Cross within its walls, the Bewcastle Cross just outside. Each suffered violence in the Reformation period - the Ruthwell Cross certainly, and the Bewcastle Cross not improbably besides such defacement as they may have undergone in other ages. Both are situated within the Border, using that term in a rather large sense to denote the frontier where modern Scotland approaches England, or England approaches Scotland, and where both countries have naturally had an influence. Within this Border various races have, within historic times, as well as in the very dawn of authentic history, dwelt, and struggled, and ravaged, often in the wildest and most savage manner. Both crosses are, and always have been. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
The Ruthwell and Bewcastle crosses are two of the most important examples of Anglo-Saxon art and culture. This scholarly monograph explores the history, symbolism, and significance of these remarkable artifacts. Written by one of the leading experts in the field, this book is a must-have for anyone interested in Anglo-Saxon history. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1912 edition. Excerpt: ... The other two ends bend down into the upper half of the figure eight, and one, continuing, ends in a space outside the figure. The right vine is developed in exactly the same way, in the opposite direction. The two halves of the figure eight are made somewhat heart-shaped by the offshoots which bend in, and, crossing, fill the space with fruit. The upper half has two bunches, the lower four, two depending from above, two springing from shoots below. The outside triangular spaces left by the figure eight are filled with bunches of fruit, which tip the ends of shoots. 5. Still another design of interlaced bands, taller than either of the preceding. At the edge of each face of the shaft there runs a border, inside of which is a narrower molding. Runes, now illegible, once occupied the spaces between successive panels. general discussion of the crosses outline In dealing with the crosses, we have to consider: I. The Inscriptions. ii. The Figure-Sculpture. iii. The Decorative Sculpture. I. The Inscriptions. These are: 1. Runic. 2. Latin. The runic inscriptions on the Ruthwell Cross, so far as they are intelligible, embody fragments of an Old English poem, The Dream of the Rood. At least one short one on the Bewcastle Cross appears to spell a proper name. The longest inscription is practically illegible, but the two or three words which perhaps can be made out seem to point to a possible memorial purpose. The Latin inscriptions (found only on the Ruthwell Cross) are extracts from the Gospels, or other phrases and short sentences, descriptive of the figure-sculpture with which they are associated. An examination of both the runic and the Latin inscriptions with reference to their date would have reference to: A. The forms of the letters. Here...
In bringing together these scattered witnesses to the sustained brilliance of Anglo-Saxon artistic achievement across several centuries, ?amonn ? Carrag?in has produced a study of great significance to Anglo-Saxon history.
The Ruthwell Cross, a late seventh-or eighth-century high cross in the kirk at Ruthwell in the Scottish Borders, is one of the most intriguing examples of sculpture to survive from the early Middle Ages. With its Latin inscriptions, a Runic poem related to the "Dream of the Rood," and an extensive program of finely carved images, the cross has long attracted the interest of scholars from a variety of disciplines. Bringing together papers delivered at a conference sponsored by the Index of Christian Art in Princeton in 1990, this illustrated volume addresses some of the most debated issues surrounding this major literary and artistic monument of Anglo-Saxon culture. The volume begins with an introduction to the historiography of the cross by Brendan Cassidy. Robert T. Farrell discusses the fate of the cross from the seventeenth century, its current state of preservation, and its reconstruction; David Howlett uncovers patterns of significance in the Latin and Runic inscriptions; Douglas MacLean suggests the most likely date for the cross on the basis of contemporary historical events; Paul Meyvaert addresses the message of the iconographic program in the light of the theology and religious beliefs of the time. The volume also contains an extensive bibliography and the complete series of sixteenth-to nineteenth-century drawings and engravings of the entire cross and of its parts.