Download Free The Cost Effectiveness Of Military Training Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online The Cost Effectiveness Of Military Training and write the review.

The use of flight simulators, computer-based instruction and maintenance training simulators for training is evaluated on the basis of their effectiveness and cost. Flight simulators are cost-effective, compared to the use of aircraft, for training; so are maintenance training simulators compared to actual equipment trainers. Computer-based instruction is as effective as conventional instruction; comparable cost data are not yet available, so one cannot say whether it is also cost-effective. These three methods of training are not more effective than the methods to which they were compared, except for small improvements in a few cases.
Cost-effectiveness analysis as applied in a military training context is intended to provide systematic information that can be used to select alternative strategies, methodologies, or settings in achieving training objectives. This form of systems analysis is designed to aid the decision maker in selecting from training alternatives by providing a concise and clear-cut review of relevant variables that bear on the training situation. Essential evaluative criteria such as those found in experimental or quasi-experimental designs are examined, but an additional component, cost analysis, is included. The present funding constraints in all areas of military training, and training research and development require that adequate consideration be given to the initial choice of alternative training and educational philosophies, methods, and media with respect to relative cost-effectiveness. This means that alternatives must be considered not only on the basis of outcomes but also in terms of the resources required to accomplish the level of effectiveness that is required or desirable. Secondarily, tools are needed for allocating these resources and re-evaluating them on a timely basis. Even though a training course remains static, earlier findings may become invalid without some continuing means of cost-effectiveness monitoring. (Author).
Flight simulators cost less to operate than do aircraft; estimates range from 5 to 20%. Many studies have shown that skills learned in flight simulators can be performed successfully in aircraft, i. e., the use of flight simulators for training purposes saves flight time. The critical issue is whether the amount of flight time saved by the use of simulators is worth their cost. The cost-effectiveness of flight simulators for training has been demonstrated only in a few recent studies which report that the procurement cost of simulators can be amortized in a few years. Current R/D about flight simulators centers about the need for motion and wide angle visual display systems. Flight simulators have achieved their greatest use by the military so far in undergraduate flight training. Their greatest potential for future savings lies in transition and continuation training which account for the major costs of military flying. Consistent methods of data collection and cost estimating, not now available, are needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative flight training programs, including the use of various types of simulators, part-task trainers, new instructional strategies, and the like. The report provides a preliminary cost model which identifies the data needed to develop cost estimates for use in cost-effectiveness analyses of flight training.
The cost-effectiveness of maintenance simulators, compared to actual equipment trainers, is evaluated for training military maintenance technicians. Maintenance simulators are as effective as actual equipment trainers when measured by student achievement at school; there is no difference in the job performance of students trained either way, according to supervisors' ratings, in only one study. The acquisition cost of maintenance simulators is typically less than that of actual equipment trainers. The cost to develop and fabricate one unit of a simulator was less than 60 percent of the cost of its counterpart actual equipment trainer in 7 of 11 cases investigated. The cost of fabricating an additional unit of the simulator was less than 20 percent of the cost of its counterpart actual equipment trainer in 9 of these 11 cases. Acquisition and use of a maintenance simulator over a 15-year period would cost 38 percent as much as an actual equipment trainer, according to the only life-cycle cost comparison that has been reported. Since maintenance simulators and actual equipment trainers are equally effective and since maintenance simulators cost less, it is concluded that maintenance simulators are cost-effective compared to actual equipment trainers.
The cost and effectiveness of computer-based instruction for military training are evaluated on the basis of about 30 studies conducted since 1968. Four methods of instruction are distinguished and compared: Conventional Instruction: group-paced lectures, and discussions. Individualized Instruction: self-paced (without computer support). Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI): computer stores and provides instructional materials to students individually via interactive terminals; computer tests and guides students; self-paced. Computer-Managed Instruction (CMI): instructional materials and tests provided away from computer; computer scores the tests and guides students; self-paced.
Flight simulators cost less to operate than do aircraft; estimates range from 5 to 20 percent. Many studies have shown that skills learned in flight simulators can be performed successfully in aircraft, i.e., the use of flight simulators for training purposes saves flight time. The critical issue is whether the amount of flight time saved by the use of simulators is worth their cost. The cost-effectiveness of flight simulators for training has been demonstrated only in a few recent studies which report that the procurement cost of simulators can be amortized in a few years. Current R and D about flight simulators centers about the need for motion and wide angle visual display systems. Flight simulators have achieved their greatest use by the military so far in undergraduate flight training. Their greatest potential for future savings lies in transition and continuation training which account for the major costs of military flying. Consistent methods of data collection and cost estimating, not now available, are needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative flight training programs, including the use of various types of simulators, part-task trainers, new instructional strategies, and the like. The report provides a preliminary cost model which identifies the data needed to develop cost estimates for use in cost-effectiveness analyses of flight training.