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This chapter explores the nature, extent and mystification of human trafficking in Africa. While human trafficking is an age-long, border-less crime of global proportion, its current form and dimensions have enormous negativity on the human race (generally), and pose enormous threats to peace and security on the African continent (specifically). Such consternation has engendered various stakeholders to introduce policy measures to curb the spread; however, rather than diminishing, it is ever increasing. From a positional standpoint, using document analysis, this chapter provides a synopsis of human trafficking in Africa, in recent times, and offers suggestions on pragmatic steps that could help address both the demand and supply end of this illicit criminal enterprise in twenty-first (21st) century Africa.
This edited volume examines the contemporary practice of human trafficking on the African continent. It investigates the scourge of human trafficking in Africa from the broader international and regional perspectives as well as from a country-specific context. Written by a multi-disciplinary panel of academics and practitioners, the book is divided into three sections that highlight a wide range of issues. Section One examines the theoretical and legal challenges of trafficking. Section Two focuses on the regional and nation-state perspectives of human trafficking along with selected cases of trafficking. Section Three highlights the impact of trafficking on youth, with specific attention given to child soldiering and female victims of trafficking. Providing a multi-faceted approach to a problem that crosses multiple disciplines, this volume will be useful to scholars and students interested in African politics, African studies, migration, human rights, sociology, law, and economics as well as members of the diplomatic corps, governmental, intergovernmental, and non-governmental organizations.
What happens at the nexus of the digital divide and human trafficking? This book examines the impact of the introduction of new digital information and communication technology (ICT) as well as lack of access to digital connectivity on human trafficking. The different studies presented in the chapters show the realities for people moving along the Central Mediterranean route from the Horn of Africa through Libya to Europe. The authors warn against an over-optimistic view of innovation as a solution and highlight the relationship between technology and the crimes committed against vulnerable people in search of protection. In this volume, the third in a four-part series Connected and Mobile: Migration and Human Trafficking in Africa, relevant new theories are proposed as tools to understand the dynamics that appear in mobile Africa. Most importantly, the editors identify critical ethical issues in relation to both technology and human trafficking and the nexus between them, helping explore the dimensions of new responsibilities that need to be defined. The chapters in this book represent a collection of well-documented empirical investigations by a young and diverse group of researchers, addressing critical issues in relation to innovation and the perils of our time.
This edited volume examines the contemporary practice of human trafficking on the African continent. It investigates the scourge of human trafficking in Africa from the broader international and regional perspectives as well as from a country-specific context. Written by a multi-disciplinary panel of academics and practitioners, the book is divided into three sections that highlight a wide range of issues. Section One examines the theoretical and legal challenges of trafficking. Section Two focuses on the regional and nation-state perspectives of human trafficking along with selected cases of trafficking. Section Three highlights the impact of trafficking on youth, with specific attention given to child soldiering and female victims of trafficking. Providing a multi-faceted approach to a problem that crosses multiple disciplines, this volume will be useful to scholars and students interested in African politics, African studies, migration, human rights, sociology, law, and economics as well as members of the diplomatic corps, governmental, intergovernmental, and non-governmental organizations.
Bibliography pp. 68-72.
Historically, Africa has been recognized as a ground for the export of slaves. This vestige was left on Africa right from the days of colonialism when the British and the French subjugated Africans. In order words, Africans were perceived as slaves who had no prospect for existence. Sadly, several years after emancipation from slavery so many Africans have still not being liberated. This is based on the premise that so many are still being coerced into modern day slavery out of their own personal will, while a large number of victims are propelled into it as a result of difficult circumstances staring them in the face most especially in Nigeria where the level of crippling poverty has been discovered as one of the causal factors. Pathetically, the bulk of the primary victims are women and children whose lives have being practically ruined by this horrible experience. In this contemporary age, human trafficking has become another means of enslaving Africans of which Nigerians are not excluded. It is the modern day slavery that has continued to thrive because of its profitability without taking cognizance of the fact that it culminates in absolute devaluation of the victims' human rights as encapsulated in various international, regional and national laws. Admittedly, trafficking has in recent years turned a veritable source of income in the hands of perpetrators of this clandestine and organized crime. It is a complex, multi-faceted phenomenon involving multiple stakeholders at the institutional and commercial level. Also, trafficking has become a demand-driven global business with huge market for cheap labor, commercial sex and other human rights abuses. Nigeria which is a case in point in this paper, has acquired a reputation for being one of the leading African countries in human trafficking ranging from cross-border to internal trafficking. Contrary to the provisions of the Nigerian Constitution and other national and international legislations against trafficking, slavery and abuse of dignity of person's, perpetrators continue to flout human rights with impunity. Respect for human rights in Nigeria has plummeted drastically as these fundamental human rights are being subverted on daily basis as a result of lack of enforcement of these laws. The downward trajectory in the respect for human rights in Nigeria needs serious attention. Indubitably, trafficking of persons is the third largest crime after economic fraud and drug trade. In Nigeria, victims of trafficking have found themselves involved in prostitution, hard labor, domestic services and street begging just to mention a few. Unfortunately, Most of these victims never bargained for this. They were either lured or forced into it. Nigeria as a country witnesses internal trafficking on a daily basis from one State to another most especially migration to the urban centers from the rural areas and slums where the standard of living is nothing to write home about. Victims' of these criminal acts are predominantly those from very poor backgrounds who cannot afford basic needs of livelihood. They eventually end up as victims in the hands of pimps who dissuade them and use them as a means of enriching their own personal pockets with little or no benefit for the victims. These perpetrators who are majorly referred to as 'pimps' or 'madam' are the ones behind the movement of these victims from one location to another because of the financial consideration they get from the business. Further still, there had been dart of court cases in Nigeria against perpetrators which is why this venture has continued to flourish rapidly. Despite international conventions and domestic laws, there remains indifference and a lack of commitment to protect those most at risk through implementation of legislation, awareness, information, and training of the authorities responsible for providing protection. In the light of the above, this paper shall consider the root causes of trafficking and the damaging effect so far on the Nigerian society with particular focus on victims and move on to propose measures that would assist in protecting and enhancing human rights. Also, this paper will examine the rights based approach in the areas of remedies available to victims and the appropriate penalties that must be meted-out to human traffickers and the end users.
The African conundrum... is rooted out of the historical, philosophical and cultural bastardisation, imbalances and inequalities which many post-colonial African governments have always sought to address, though with varying degrees of success, since the 1960s. Lamentably, this African conundrum is rarely examined in a systematic manner that takes into account the geopolitical milieu of the continent, past and present. This volume seeks to interrogate and examine the extent of the impact of the geopolitical seesaw which seems poised to tip in favour of the Global North. The book grapples with the question on how Africa can wake up from its cavernous intellectual slumber to break away from both material and psychological dependency and achieve a transformative political and socio-economic self-reinvention and self-assertion. While the African conundrum is largely a result of historic oppression and a resilient colonial legacy, this book urges Africans to rethink their condition in a manner that makes Africa responsible and accountable for its own destiny. The book argues that it is through this rethinking that Africa can successfully transcend the logic of post-imperial dependency.
This edited volume, Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking, is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of modern slavery and human trafficking. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the aforementioned research area. Each chapter is complete in itself but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors on modern slavery and human trafficking, and opening new possible research paths for further novel developments.
Policing Criminality and Insurgency in Africa: Perspectives on the Changing Wave of Law Enforcement provides critical insights into the trends and patterns of crime and insurgency in contemporary African society. In Africa criminals and insurgents are becoming more resourceful, smart, and connected, as criminal syndicates are increasingly deploying modern technologies to commit crimes in ways and manners that are profoundly daring, and on a transnational and global scale. Meanwhile, the capacity of local, state, and security forces to stem the tide of crimes and insurgencies is decimated by dwindling resources on the part of the state due to official corruption, down-sizing of public institutions and a fierce competition for resources between security and other developmental agencies. In this volume, the contributors, who are expert academics in policing and security in Africa as well as security practitioners, provide detailed explanations of the new wave of crime, characterized by cyber insecurity, terror financing, the proliferation of small arms and light weapons, and transnational networking among criminal syndicates. The volume forensically explores how these complex waves and emerging trends of criminality and insurgency impact on the socio-economic and political development of Africa. Editors, Usman A. Tar and Dawud Muhammad Dawud highlight how these factors affect and shape policing and law enforcement in an era of “smart crimes” and insurgency within the continent.