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Resumen: 1. A Background for Article 6 - 2. Equality of Arms - 3. Equality of Arms and the Right to Challenge and Call Witness Evidence - 4. Equality of Arms and the Right to Adequate Time and Facilities.
The paper deals with one of the significant aspect of fairness in criminal cases, the concept of "equality of arms". The considerations focus initially on the analysis of the scope and meaning of the notion of "equality of arms" in the case-law of the European Commission and the European Court of Human Rights under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The author reviewed the Strasbourg case-law on the concept of "equality of arms" in the context of three different but connected procedural topics: equality between the parties in the institutional framework of criminal proceedings, "equality of arms" principle in the evidentiary proceedings in general and "equality of arms" under Article 6 of the Convention in the jurisprudence concerning criminal trials involving anonymous witnesses. Subsequent chapters of the paper survey the application of this notion to different models of criminal procedure, namely to the common law system (of which England is a good example) and to the model of procedure adopted in the countries of Continental Europe (e.g. Germany and Poland). The analysis does not provide for a comprehensive treatment of all national regulations concerning the issue of equality between the parties in a criminal process. Its objective is rather to emphasise the general approach to the principle of "equality of arms" in different models of criminal justice. The final chapter of the paper focuses on the issue of the possible convergence of different models of criminal procedure adopted in Europe with the one model based on the standards and principles emerged form the jurisprudence of the organs of the Convention.
The right to a fair trial is a fundamental element of legal systems. Guaranteed by national constitutions and the European Convention on Human Rights, it ensures the effectiveness of law against arbitrary acts of the authorities. The reports which appear in this volume were presented in Brno, at a seminar on European constitutional heritage, in which judges from constitutional courts and other equivalent bodies from approximately 20 countries participated. They show the convergence of approaches, in Europe and on other continents, and the universal nature of rights protected by a fair trial.
A practical tool for legal professionals who wish to strengthen their skills in applying the European Convention on Human Rights and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in their daily work This is the second and expanded edition of a handbook intended to assist judges, lawyers and prosecutors in taking account of the requirements of the European Convention on Human Rights and its Protocols (“the European Convention”) – and more particularly of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights – when interpreting and applying codes of criminal procedure and comparable or related legislation. It does so by providing extracts from key rulings of the European Court and the former European Commission of Human Rights that have determined applications complaining about one or more violations of the European Convention in the course of the investigation, prosecution and trial of alleged offences, as well as in the course of appellate and various other proceedings linked to the criminal process.
The model system created by the European Convention on Human Rights is internationally renowned. The rights it protects are among the most important, covering not only civil and political rights, but also certain social and economic rights, such as the right to respect for personal possessions. The European Court of Human Rights stands at the heart of the protection mechanism guaranteeing these rights. It is now an entirely judicial system since the adoption and entry into force of Protocol No. 11, which reorganised the whole system and extended the Court's jurisdiction. The Court's excessive caseload is a problem, though, and this has led to the further improvements contained in Protocol No. 14, designed to strengthen the operation and effectiveness of the Court.
In clear and concise words, this Handbook offers a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the European Convention and the European Court of Human Rights and its case-law. Numerous cross-references guide the reader through the various topics. Various summaries condense the different principles of the Court’s case-law. With a Foreword by Judge Robert Spano, President of the European Court of Human Rights.
In recent times Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which protects the right to a fair trial has been increasingly raised by applicants who allege its breach in proceedings involving criminal or quasi-criminal charges. The extensive case law emanating from Strasburg that has thus been spawned has resulted in the formulation of detailed rules dictating the content of the guarantees afforded by Article 6. Indeed, a pan-European procedural standard for accused persons is beginning to emerge. This book is the first to make an in-depth analysis of the case law, and goes on to compare the European Convention cases with decisions which have arisen from the interpretation of other international instruments. The author's careful, meticulous research reveals that Article 6 has been interpreted in such a way that the standards required for proceedings designated under national law as criminal, are different than the standards applied to disciplinary and other administrative proceedings. The book goes on to attempt to identify the judicial policy pursued by the European Court and Commission when construing Article 6, while proposing a fresh approach to the problems raised by the applications of the detailed guarantees of the provisions in proceedings of a widely varied nature. Dr Stavros has been a member of the Athens Bar since 1987. He is currently employed as a legal expert by the Directorate of European Communities Affairs of the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Now in its fifth edition, Harris, O'Boyle, and Warbrick: Law of the European Convention on Human Rights remains an indispensable resource for undergraduates, postgraduates, and practitioners alike. The new edition builds on the strengths of previous editions, providing an up-to-date, clear, and comprehensive account of Strasbourg case law and its underlying principles. It sets out and critically analyses each Convention article (including those addressed by relevant Protocols), and thoroughly examines the system of supervision. The book also addresses the pressures and challenges facing the Strasbourg system in the twenty-first century.Digital formatsThis fifth edition is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats.The e-book offers a mobile experience and convenient access along with functionality tools, navigation features, and links that offer extra learning support: www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks
An indispensable guide for university students, government officials and legal practitioners alike. The European Convention on Human Rights – Principles and law is the essential handbook for university students, government officials, lawyers and human rights advocates seeking a comprehensive and concise account of the case law generated under the European Convention on Human Rights. Written by experts on the Convention, it: • cites nearly 1 500 cases, providing links to each case in the HUDOC database; • identifies key challenges and current legal developments; • provides suggestions for further reading on contentious issues; • is a companion text to Council of Europe’s book The individual application under the European Convention on Human Rights – Procedural guide by Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos and Maria-Andriani Kostopoulou.
Inherent to and at the very core of the right to a fair criminal trial under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights is the concept of equality of arms (procedural equality) between the parties, the construct given detailed and innovative treatment in this book. As a contextual prelude to more specific analysis of this concept under Article 6, certain influential historical developments in trial safeguards which mark a centuries-long evolution in standards of, and the value attributed to, procedural fairness are identified to establish a background to Article 6 before its inception. Thereafter, the book offers a thorough theoretical insight into equality of arms, investigating its multi-faceted value, identifying its contemporary legal basis in Article 6 and in international law, and defining its fundamental constituent elements to elucidate its nature, including its underpinning relationship with Article 6(3). The book argues that the most important of these constituent elements--the requirement of 'disadvantage'--is not equated by the European Court of Human Rights with inequality in itself, which would be a dignitarian interpretation, but with inequality that gives rise to actual or, in some circumstances, inevitable prejudice. This proposition is the golden thread running through the analytical heart of the book's survey of case-law in which the Court's approach to procedural equality in practice is demonstrated and assessed within the context of the Article 6(3) rights to challenge and call witness evidence, to adequate time and facilities, and to legal assistance. The end result is a book for both scholars and practitioners that will not only forge an enhanced general understanding of procedural fairness safeguards and standards, including from a historical perspective, but also provoke, more specifically, new reflection on the concept of equality of arms.