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Born in the late 1940's and early 50's and raised in a segregated town in southern Mississippi, a group of Black girls and boys came of age together, and graduated from high school in Hattiesburg as "The Class of 1968." Now in their late 60's and early 70's, they have chosen to reflect on their families, community, and school experiences. Together, they experienced one of the most tumultuous eras in U.S. history, and they reflect on those experiences in these personal essays. They think back on the Vietnam War, the draft, the assassination of their neighbors and national leaders, and the Civil Rights Movement. The fact that they came of age during these tumultuous events makes their experiences all the more vivid and profound, since the tender adolescent years typically mark us more profoundly than other phases in life. Perhaps most significantly, the era suddenly brought racial desegregation to Hattiesburg, in early 1967. Under "Freedom of [School] Choice," some Black Hattiesburg students saw their lifelong friends choose to attend the white high school for their senior year. Their stories bring forth a rush of memories, some that will make you laugh, others that will make you cry, and many that will make you wonder how things may have turned out differently had racism not poisoned their day-to-day lives. Although the contributors dealt with these formative experiences differently, all were touched in some way by the same forces in the dying days of legalized segregation. The essays here also reflect on our present moment: although racial segregation has lessened, it still persists in Hattiesburg and throughout America, leading to an era we might call racial resegregation. Yet the 1950's and 60's have ended. "We don't want these memories to die with us," says lead editor Mrs. Doris Gaines. "We want the next generations to know our thoughts and feelings and to understand how the past helped make us what we are today, and what made us tick." The Class of 1968: A Thread Through Time explains how these citizens negotiated their youth in Hattiesburg and, in doing so, offers us wisdom about how to move through life with grace and integrity.
NATIONAL BESTSELLER • “In this highly opinionated and highly readable history, Kurlansky makes a case for why 1968 has lasting relevance in the United States and around the world.”—Dan Rather To some, 1968 was the year of sex, drugs, and rock and roll. Yet it was also the year of the Martin Luther King, Jr., and Bobby Kennedy assassinations; the riots at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago; Prague Spring; the antiwar movement and the Tet Offensive; Black Power; the generation gap; avant-garde theater; the upsurge of the women’s movement; and the beginning of the end for the Soviet Union. In this monumental book, Mark Kurlansky brings to teeming life the cultural and political history of that pivotal year, when television’s influence on global events first became apparent, and spontaneous uprisings occurred simultaneously around the world. Encompassing the diverse realms of youth and music, politics and war, economics and the media, 1968 shows how twelve volatile months transformed who we were as a people—and led us to where we are today.
Few American towns went untouched by World War II, even those in remote corners of the country. During that era, the federal government forever changed the lives of many northern Arizona citizens with the construction of the U.S. Army ordnance depot at Bellemont, ten miles west of Flagstaff. John Westerlund now tells how this linchpin in the war effort marked a turning point in Flagstaff's history. One of only sixteen munitions depots built between 1941 and 1943, the Navajo Ordnance Depot contributed significantly to the city's rapid growth during the war years as it brought considerable social, cultural, and economic change to the region. A clearing in the ponderosa pine forest called Volunteer Prairie met the military's criteria for a munitions depot--open terrain, a cool climate, plentiful water, and proximity to a railroad--and it was also sufficiently inland to be safe from the threat of coastal invasion. Constructing a depot of 800 ammunition bunkers, each the size of a 2,000-square-foot home, called for a force of 8,000 laborers, and Flagstaff became a boom town overnight as construction workers and their families poured in from nearby Indian reservations and as far away as the Midwest and South. More than 2,000 were retained as permanent employees--a larger workforce than Flagstaff's total pre-war employment roster. As Westerlund's portrait of wartime Flagstaff shows, prosperity brought unanticipated consequences: racism simmered beneath the surface of the town as ethnic groups were thrown together for the first time; merchants called a city-wide strike to protest emerging union activity; juvenile delinquency rose dramatically; Flagstaff women entered the workforce in unprecedented numbers, altering local mores along with their own plans for the future; meanwhile, hundreds of sailors and marines arrived at Arizona State Teachers College to participate in the Navy's "V-12" program. Whether recounting the difficulty of 3,500 Navajo and Hopi employees adjusting to life off the reservation or the complaints of townspeople that Austrian POWs-transferred to the depot to ease the labor shortage-were treated too well, Westerlund shows that the construction and maintenance of the facility was far more than a military matter. Navajo Ordnance Depot remained operational to support wars in Korea, Vietnam, and the Persian Gulf, and today Camp Navajo provides storage for thousands of deactivated ICBM motors. But in recounting its early days, Westerlund has skillfully blended social and military history to vividly portray not only a city's transitional years but also the impact of military expansion on economic and community development in the American West.
For seven days in April 1968, students occupied five buildings on the campus of Columbia University to protest a planned gymnasium in a nearby Harlem park, links between the university and the Vietnam War, and what they saw as the university’s unresponsive attitude toward their concerns. Exhilarating to some and deeply troubling to others, the student protests paralyzed the university, grabbed the world’s attention, and inspired other uprisings. Fifty years after the events, A Time to Stir captures the reflections of those who participated in and witnessed the Columbia rebellion. With more than sixty essays from members of the Columbia chapter of Students for a Democratic Society, the Students’ Afro-American Society, faculty, undergraduates who opposed the protests, “outside agitators,” and members of the New York Police Department, A Time to Stir sheds light on the politics, passions, and ideals of the 1960s. Moving beyond accounts from the student movement’s white leadership, this book presents the perspectives of black students, who were grappling with their uneasy integration into a supposedly liberal campus, as well as the views of women, who began to question their second-class status within the protest movement and society at large. A Time to Stir also speaks to the complicated legacy of the uprising. For many, the events at Columbia inspired a lifelong dedication to social causes, while for others they signaled the beginning of the chaos that would soon engulf the left. Taken together, these reflections present a nuanced and moving portrait that reflects the sense of possibility and excess that characterized the 1960s.
When the postwar boom began to dissipate in the late 1960s, Mexico's middle classes awoke to a new, economically terrifying world. And following massacres of students at peaceful protests in 1968 and 1971, one-party control of Mexican politics dissipated as well. The ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party struggled to recover its legitimacy, but instead saw its support begin to erode. In the following decades, Mexico's middle classes ended up shaping the history of economic and political crisis, facilitating the emergence of neo-liberalism and the transition to democracy. Waking from the Dream tells the story of this profound change from state-led development to neo-liberalism, and from a one-party state to electoral democracy. It describes the fraught history of these tectonic shifts, as politicians and citizens experimented with different strategies to end a series of crises. In the first study to dig deeply into the drama of the middle classes in this period, Walker shows how the most consequential struggles over Mexico's economy and political system occurred between the middle classes and the ruling party.
Born in the late 1940s and early 50s and raised in a segregated town in southern Mississippi, a group of Black girls and boys came of age together, and graduated from high school in Hattiesburg as The Class of 1968. Now in their late 60s and early 70s, they have chosen to reflect on their families, community, and school experiences. Together, they experienced one of the most tumultuous eras in U.S. history, and they reflect on those experiences in these personal essays. They think back on the Vietnam War, the draft, the assassination of their neighbors and national leaders, and the Civil Rights Movement. The fact that they came of age during these tumultuous events makes their experiences all the more vivid and profound, since the tender adolescent years typically mark us more profoundly than other phases in life. Perhaps most significantly, the era suddenly brought racial desegregation to Hattiesburg, in early 1967. Under Freedom of [School] Choice, some Black Hattiesburg students saw their lifelong friends choose to attend the white high school for their senior year. Their stories bring forth a rush of memories, some that will make you laugh, others that will make you cry, and many that will make you wonder how things may have turned out differently had racism not poisoned their day-to-day lives. Although the contributors dealt with these formative experiences differently, all were touched in some way by the same forces in the dying days of legalized segregation. The essays here also reflect on our present moment: although racial segregation has lessened, it still persists in Hattiesburg and throughout America, leading to an era we might call racial resegregation. Yet the 1950s and 60s have ended. We dont want these memories to die with us, says lead editor Mrs. Doris Gaines. We want the next generations to know our thoughts and feelings and to understand how the past helped make us what we are today, and what made us tick. The Class of 1968: A Thread Through Time explains how these citizens negotiated their youth in Hattiesburg and, in doing so, offers us wisdom about how to move through life with grace and integrity.