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The first "accidental president," whose secret maneuverings brought Texas into the Union and set secession in motion When William Henry Harrison died in April 1841, just one month after his inauguration, Vice President John Tyler assumed the presidency. It was a controversial move by this Southern gentleman, who had been placed on the fractious Whig ticket with the hero of Tippecanoe in order to sweep Andrew Jackson's Democrats, and their imperial tendencies, out of the White House. Soon Tyler was beset by the Whigs' competing factions. He vetoed the charter for a new Bank of the United States, which he deemed unconstitutional, and was expelled from his own party. In foreign policy, as well, Tyler marched to his own drummer. He engaged secret agents to help resolve a border dispute with Britain and negotiated the annexation of Texas without the Senate's approval. The resulting sectional divisions roiled the country. Gary May, a historian known for his dramatic accounts of secret government, sheds new light on Tyler's controversial presidency, which saw him set aside his dedication to the Constitution to gain his two great ambitions: Texas and a place in history.
From New York Times bestselling historian H. W. Brands comes the riveting story of how, in nineteenth-century America, a new set of political giants battled to complete the unfinished work of the Founding Fathers and decide the future of our democracy In the early 1800s, three young men strode onto the national stage, elected to Congress at a moment when the Founding Fathers were beginning to retire to their farms. Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, a champion orator known for his eloquence, spoke for the North and its business class. Henry Clay of Kentucky, as dashing as he was ambitious, embodied the hopes of the rising West. South Carolina's John Calhoun, with piercing eyes and an even more piercing intellect, defended the South and slavery. Together these heirs of Washington, Jefferson and Adams took the country to war, battled one another for the presidency and set themselves the task of finishing the work the Founders had left undone. Their rise was marked by dramatic duels, fierce debates, scandal and political betrayal. Yet each in his own way sought to remedy the two glaring flaws in the Constitution: its refusal to specify where authority ultimately rested, with the states or the nation, and its unwillingness to address the essential incompatibility of republicanism and slavery. They wrestled with these issues for four decades, arguing bitterly and hammering out political compromises that held the Union together, but only just. Then, in 1850, when California moved to join the Union as a free state, "the immortal trio" had one last chance to save the country from the real risk of civil war. But, by that point, they had never been further apart. Thrillingly and authoritatively, H. W. Brands narrates an epic American rivalry and the little-known drama of the dangerous early years of our democracy.
One of the most talented and influential American politicians of the nineteenth century, William Pitt Fessenden (1806--1869) helped devise Union grand strategy during the Civil War. A native of Maine and son of a fiery New England abolitionist, he served in the United States Senate as a member of the Whig Party during the Kansas-Nebraska crisis and played a formative role in the development of the Republican Party. In this richly textured and fast-paced biography, Robert J. Cook charts Fessenden's rise to power and probes the potent mix of political ambition and republican ideology which impelled him to seek a place in the U.S. Senate at a time of rising tension between North and South. A determined and self-disciplined man who fought, not always successfully, to keep his passions in check, Fessenden helped to spearhead Republican Party opposition to proslavery expansion during the strife-torn 1850s and led others to resist the cotton states' efforts to secede peaceably after the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. During the Civil War, he chaired the Senate Finance Committee and served as President Lincoln's second head of the Treasury Department. In both positions, he fashioned and implemented wartime financial policy for the United States. In addition, Fessenden's multifaceted relationship with Lincoln helped to foster effective working relations between the president and congressional Republicans. Cook outlines Fessenden's many contributions to critical aspects of northern grand strategy and to the gradual shift to an effective total war policy against the Confederacy. Most notably, Cook shows, Fessenden helped craft congressional policy regarding the confiscation and emancipation of slaves. Cook also details Fessenden's tenure as chairman of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction after the war, during which he authored that committee's report. Although he sanctioned his party's break with Andrew Johnson less than a year after the war's end, Cook explains how Fessenden worked decisively to thwart attempts by Radical Republicans to revolutionize post-emancipation society in the defeated Confederacy. The first biography of Fessenden in over forty years, Civil War Senator reveals a significant but often sidelined historical figure and explains the central role played by party politics and partisanship in the coming of the Civil War, northern military victory, and the ultimate failure of postwar Reconstruction. Cook restores Fessenden to his place as one of the most important politicians of a troubled generation.
In this monumental new biography, Robert V. Remini gives us a full life of Webster from his birth, early schooling, and rapid rise as a lawyer and politician in New Hampshire to his equally successful career in Massachusetts where he moved in 1816. Remini treats both the man and his time as they tangle in issues such as westward expansion, growth of democracy, market revolution, slavery and abolitionism, the National Bank, and tariff issues. Webster's famous speeches are fully discussed as are his relations with the other two of the "great triumvirate", Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. Throughout, Remini pays close attention to Webster's personal life - perhaps more than Webster would have liked - his relationships with family and friends, and his murky financial dealings with men of wealth and influence.
This eBook edition of "The Complete History of the Civil War" has been formatted to the highest digital standards and adjusted for readability on all devices. This meticulously edited collection contains a Pulitzer Prize awarded History of Civil War, as well as the memoirs of the two most important military commanders of the Union, Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman, complete with biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee. Finally, this collection is enriched with pivotal historical documents which provide an explicit insight into this decisive period of the American past. Content: History of the Civil War, 1861-1865 Leaders & Commanders of the Union: Abraham Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant William T. Sherman Leaders & Commanders of the Confederation: Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee Civil War Documents: The Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg Address Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Presidential Actions and Addresses by Abraham Lincoln: 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865
CIVIL WAR Complete History of the War, Documents, Memoirs & Biographies of the Lead Commanders stands as a comprehensive and illuminating collection, encapsulating the myriad dimensions of one of America's most defining conflicts. Through an expansive array of literary styles - including official documents, personal memoirs, and in-depth biographies - this anthology traverses the vast emotional and intellectual landscapes of the Civil War. The compilation not only showcases the diversity of experiences and perspectives from both sides of the battlefield but also highlights significant pieces that offer profound insights into the strategic minds of the war's most influential figures, without overly concentrating on a single contributor. The range and depth of the content place this collection in a significant literary and historical context, shedding light on the complexities of a war that shaped the nation's future. The contributing authors and editors, including notable figures such as John Esten Cooke, Abraham Lincoln, and Ulysses S. Grant, bring forth a rich tapestry of backgrounds united by the singular theme of the Civil War. The collection aligns with important historical and cultural movements, drawing from firsthand experiences and scholarly analyses to paint a detailed picture of the era. These contributions collectively offer a nuanced exploration of the Civil War, enriched by the varied literary methodologies and perspectives. Recommended for both scholars and enthusiasts alike, this anthology presents a unique opportunity to engage with the Civil War's complete history through a carefully curated selection of documents, memoirs, and biographies. Readers are invited to explore the breadth of insights and the dialogue fostered between the works of different authors, enhancing their understanding of the war's impact and the legacies of its lead commanders. Delving into this collection promises an educational journey, showcasing the depth and diversity of human experiences during a pivotal moment in American history.
A narrative history of the 1861 Washington Peace Conference, the bipartisan, last-ditch effort to prevent the Civil War, an effort that nearly averted the carnage that followed. In February 1861, most of AmericaÆs great statesmenùincluding a former president, dozens of current and former senators, Supreme Court justices, governors, and congressmenùcame together at the historic Willard Hotel in a desperate attempt to stave off Civil War. Seven southern states had already seceded, and the conferees battled against time to craft a compromise to protect slavery and thus preserve the union and prevent war. Participants included former President John Tyler, General William ShermanÆs Catholic step-father, General Winfield Scott, and LincolnÆs future Treasury Secretary, Salmon Chaseùand from a room upstairs at the hotel, Lincoln himself. Revelatory and definitive, The Peace That Almost Was demonstrates that slavery was the main issue of the conferenceùand thus of the war itselfùand that no matter the shared faith, family, and friendships of the participants, ultimately no compromise could be reached.
What happens when life, so to speak, strikes the President of the United States? How do presidents and their families cope with illness, personal loss, and scandal, and how have such personal crises affected a president's ability to lead, shaped presidential decision-making in critical moments, and perhaps even altered the course of events? In asking such questions, the essays in this volume -- written by twelve leading scholars noted for their expertise on their respective subjects -- reveal alternately the frailty, the humanity, and the strength of character of some of America's most controversial presidents. Three of them deal with the death of children--the impact of the loss of a young son on Franklin Pierce, Abraham Lincoln, and Calvin Coolidge. Another shows how, when his father suffered a stroke, John F. Kennedy lost his most important adviser as the crisis in Cuba loomed. Three essays tell stories about notorious, self-inflicted scandals during the presidencies of Andrew Jackson, Richard Nixon, and Bill Clinton. Several of them focus on the effects of disability or illness in the Oval Office -- on Woodrow Wilson's stroke at the end of World War I; Franklin Roosevelt's paralysis while leading the country through the Great Depression and World War II; Ronald Reagan's struggles and changed priorities in the wake of an assassination attempt; and the bearing of depression and personality disorders of one kind or another on the actions Jackson, John Tyler, Lyndon Johnson, and Richard Nixon during their crucial years in office. While illuminating a considerable span of American history and providing new and significant analyses of American politics and foreign policy, these fascinating essays remind us about the personal side of presidential leadership, and that tomorrow is promised to no one.
This eBook edition of "The Complete History of the Civil War" has been formatted to the highest digital standards and adjusted for readability on all devices. This meticulously edited collection contains a Pulitzer Prize awarded History of Civil War, as well as the memoirs of the two most important military commanders of the Union, Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman, complete with biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee. Finally, this collection is enriched with pivotal historical documents which provide an explicit insight into this decisive period of the American past. Content: History of the Civil War, 1861-1865 Leaders & Commanders of the Union: Abraham Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant William T. Sherman Leaders & Commanders of the Confederation: Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee Civil War Documents: The Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg Address Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Presidential Actions and Addresses by Abraham Lincoln: 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865