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On Tuesday, December 12th last, the anticipated occurred. The so-called "Sherwood" or "Dollar-a-day" pension bill, referred to and discussed in the following papers, was acted upon as the earliest considerable measure taken up at the first regular session of the Sixty-third Congress; and that by a Democratic National House of Representatives pledged to an economical expenditure, "wise, efficient and effective." The vote stood 229 yeas, against 92 nays. The character of the debate, and of the speeches which preceded the taking of the vote, is elsewhere referred to. Sentimental to the last degree, it was neither creditable in tone nor in accordance with the ascertained facts of history. The pension disbursements in the year 1910-11 because of the Civil War amounted approximately to $150,000,000. Since the close of that war an aggregate of four thousand million dollars has been disbursed from the National Treasury, pensions paid because of physical injuries sustained, or services rendered, or alleged to have been rendered, in that struggle. Should the Sherwood "Dollar-a-day" bill become a law, it is estimated by the Pension Bureau that a further amount of $75,000,000 a year will be added to that disbursed in 1910-11, or an increase of fifty per cent. And this, forty-seven years after Appomattox! Under the coming allotment the country is to be parceled out for the next ten years into 435 congressional districts. In each of these districts in 37 States, an average sum of $400,000 will be annually disbursed under already existing legislation. Should the "Dollar-a-day" bill become a law, this annual disbursement will be further increased by $200,000. In each of the districts in the States referred to, there is now an average of 2600 recipients of pensions. The natural political result of such conditions at once suggests itself. The subject matter discussed in the! following paper is momentous, reaching down as it does to the very base of our American institutions - the purity of the constituencies. The fast developing pension system is nothing more nor less than the initial step in what will, and at no remote day, surely become an established policy of general bribery and corruption. At present, in dealing with the subject, members of Congress and others are either short-sighted or foolish enough to say that, though the amount expended is large, and steadily increases, it will be but for a brief time. In ten years the "Veterans" will all, or nearly all, be dead; the thing will then stop of itself.....
From the INTRODUCTION. On Tuesday, December 12th last, the anticipated occurred. The so-called "Sherwood" or "Dollar-a-day" pension bill, referred to and discussed in the following papers, was acted upon as the earliest considerable measure taken up at the first regular session of the Sixty-third Congress; and that by a Democratic National House of Representatives pledged to an economical expenditure, "wise, efficient and effective." The vote stood 229 yeas, against 92 nays. The character of the debate, and of the speeches which preceded the taking of the vote, is elsewhere referred to. Sentimental to the last degree, it was neither creditable in tone nor in accordance with the ascertained facts of history. The pension disbursements in the year 1910-11 because of the Civil War amounted approximately to $150,000,000. Since the close of that war an aggregate of four thousand million dollars has been disbursed from the National Treasury, pensions paid because of physical injuries sustained, or services rendered, or alleged to have been rendered, in that struggle. Should the Sherwood "Dollar-a-day" bill become a law, it is estimated by the Pension Bureau that a further amount of $75,000,000 a year will be added to that disbursed in 1910-11, or an increase of fifty per cent. And this, forty-seven years after Appomattox! Under the coming allotment the country is to be parceled out for the next ten years into 435 congressional districts. In each of these districts in 37 States, an average sum of $400,000 will be annually disbursed under already existing legislation. Should the "Dollar-a-day" bill become a law, this annual disbursement will be further increased by $200,000. In each of the districts in the States referred to, there is now an average of 2600 recipients of pensions. The natural political result of such conditions at once suggests itself. The subject matter discussed in the! following paper is momentous, reaching down as it does to the very base of our American institutions - the purity of the constituencies. The fast developing pension system is nothing more nor less than the initial step in what will, and at no remote day, surely become an established policy of general bribery and corruption. At present, in dealing with the subject, members of Congress and others are either short-sighted or foolish enough to say that, though the amount expended is large, and steadily increases, it will be but for a brief time. In ten years the "Veterans" will all, or nearly all, be dead; the thing will then stop of itself.....
American Historical Review is the oldest scholarly journal of history in the United States and the largest in the world. Published by the American Historical Association, it covers all areas of historical research.
By offering a comparative, institutional analysis of how state-supported pensions for the elderly developed in Britain, Canada, and the United States, Ann Shola Orloff makes a profound contribution to understanding the growth of modern social welfare policies. It is not enough, Orloff demonstrates, to simply examine socioeconomic factors in the growth of the welfare state. She argues that welfare policies are shaped as well by the political institutions and processes that are the legacy of state formation and expansion in given nations. Orloff explains why, when, and how poor relief was replaced by modern social insurance legislation and pensions for the elderly in the first three decades of the twentieth century. She analyzes the long-term social and political transformations that laid the basis for modern social politics: the spread of waged work, the development of New Liberal ideologies, and the expansion and transformation of state administrative capacities. Combining original historical research with the analysis of secondary sources, Orloff's work is an excellent example of the use of comparative and historical methods to answer questions about macropolitical transformation, such as the origin of the welfare state. The Politics of Pensions outlines an original, interdisciplinary approach that will appeal to a wide variety of readers: political sociologists interested in the state, social workers and specialists in old age policy, and comparative researchers of all disciplines engaged in research on the welfare state.
A Nation of Veterans examines how the United States created the world’s most generous system of veterans’ benefits. Though we often see former service members as an especially deserving group, the book shows that veterans had to wage a fierce political battle to obtain and then defend their advantages against criticism from liberals and conservatives alike. They succeeded in securing their privileged status in public policy only by rallying behind powerful interest groups, including the Veterans of Foreign Wars, the Disabled American Veterans, and the American Legion. In the process, veterans formed one of the most powerful movements of the early and mid-twentieth century, though one that we still know comparatively little about. In examining how the veterans’ movement inscribed martial citizenship onto American law, politics, and culture, A Nation of Veterans offers a new history of the U.S. welfare state that highlights its longstanding connection with warfare. It shows how a predominantly white and male group such as military veterans was at the center of social policy debates in the interwar and postwar period and how women and veterans of color were often discriminated against or denied access to their benefits. It moves beyond the traditional focus on the 1944 G.I. Bill to examine other important benefits like pensions, civil service preference, and hospitals. The book also examines multiple generations of veterans, by shedding light on how former service members from both world wars as well as Korea and the Cold War interacted with each other. This more complete picture of veterans’ politics helps us understand the deep roots of the military welfare state in the United States today.
In Sing Not War, James Marten explores how the nineteenth century's "Greatest Generation" attempted to blend back into society and how their experiences were treated by non-veterans. --from publisher description
Instead, the nation nearly became a unique maternalist welfare state as the federal government and more than forty states enacted social spending, labor regulations, and health education programs to assist American mothers and children. Remarkably, as Skocpol shows, many of these policies were enacted even before American women were granted the right to vote. Banned from electoral politics, they turned their energies to creating huge, nation-spanning federations of local women's clubs, which collaborated with reform-minded professional women to spur legislative action across the country.