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Excerpt from The Chemistry of the Soil as Related to Crop Production The objects to be attained in the management of a soil are the deter mination of the crop or crops adapted to it, the regulation Of the yield, and the control of the quality of the product. The investigations made by the Bureau of Soils during the last ten years have Shown that the economic distribution of crops is dependent mainly upon the physical characteristics of soils and upon climate. It has been believed that the chemical characteristics of soils have a more or less direct and controlling influence on the yield Of a crop On any particular soil; that is to say, where wheat yielded 10 bushels per acre in one field, and in an adjoining field (the soil of which had the same texture, so far as could be determined, although it might be in a better physical condition) 25 or 30 bushels were Obtained, this difference in yield would be found to be due to or associated with a difference in the amount of available plant food in the soil of the two fields. It was believed, further, that the better physical condition resulting through loosening up and aerating the soil and exposing it to the weathering influence of the atmosphere by better and more thorough methods Of cultivation would in itself prepare a larger amount of readily available food material for the use of crops. These two subjects, distribution and yield, are both of vital impor tance to the farmer; but While the yield of crops has been a study for the experimenter and farmer alike throughout historic times, too little attention has been paid by him to the adaptation of particular soils to crops. The yield is to-day the paramount question with the farmer, and all his energy and resources in the last analysis tend to this end. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Crops and the soil. The world's food factory, or the plant in air and light. Soil life. Where the nitrogen comes from. Maintaining soil fertility. Cereals. Sugar and sugar crops. Fruit and vegetables. Fermentations on the farm. Chemical warfare to save the crops. Agriculture and the evolution of our diet. Vitamins in hyman and animal nutrition. Meat in its relation to human nutrition and agriculture. Chemistry as a guide in animal production. The chemistry of milk and its products. The chemist as detective and policeman, or fertilizer, freed and insecticide control.
This book explores the state-of-the-art information regarding applied soil sciences. It covers the fundamentals, model concepts, principles, chemical reactions, functions, chemical recycling, chemical weathering, acid-base chemistry, carbon sequestration, and nutrient availability of soils. Also, it includes soil chemistry of heavy-metals, environment, clay, ion-exchange processes, analytical tools and applications. This book helps to understand the about soil characteristics targeting soil chemical reactions and interactions and its applications.
Provides comprehensive coverage of the chemical interactions among organic and inorganic solids, air, water, microorganisms, and the plant roots in soil This book focuses on the species and reaction processes of chemicals in soils, with applications to environmental and agricultural issues. Topics range from discussion of fundamental chemical processes to review of properties and reactions of chemicals in the environment. This new edition contains more examples, more illustrations, more details of calculations, and reorganized material within the chapters, including nearly 100 new equations and 51 new figures. Each section also ends with an important concepts overview as well as new questions for readers to answer. Starting with an introduction to the subject, Soil Chemistry, 5th Edition offers in-depth coverage of properties of elements and molecules; characteristics of chemicals in soils; soil water chemistry; redox reactions in soils; mineralogy and weathering processes in soils; and chemistry of soil clays. The book also provides chapters that examine production and chemistry of soil organic matter; surface properties of soil colloids; adsorption processes in soils; measuring and predicting sorption processes in soils; soil acidity; and salt-affected soils. Provides a basic description of important research and fundamental knowledge in the field of soil chemistry Contains more than 200 references provided in figure and table captions and at the end of the chapters Extensively revised with updated figures and tables Soil Chemistry, 5th Edition is an excellent text for senior-level soil chemistry students.
Soil Health and Intensification of Agroecosystems examines the climate, environmental, and human effects on agroecosystems and how the existing paradigms must be revised in order to establish sustainable production. The increased demand for food and fuel exerts tremendous stress on all aspects of natural resources and the environment to satisfy an ever increasing world population, which includes the use of agriculture products for energy and other uses in addition to human and animal food. The book presents options for ecological systems that mimic the natural diversity of the ecosystem and can have significant effect as the world faces a rapidly changing and volatile climate. The book explores the introduction of sustainable agroecosystems that promote biodiversity, sustain soil health, and enhance food production as ways to help mitigate some of these adverse effects. New agroecosystems will help define a resilient system that can potentially absorb some of the extreme shifts in climate. Changing the existing cropping system paradigm to utilize natural system attributes by promoting biodiversity within production agricultural systems, such as the integration of polycultures, will also enhance ecological resiliency and will likely increase carbon sequestration. - Focuses on the intensification and integration of agroecosystem and soil resiliency by presenting suggested modifications of the current cropping system paradigm - Examines climate, environment, and human effects on agroecosystems - Explores in depth the wide range of intercalated soil and plant interactions as they influence soil sustainability and, in particular, soil quality - Presents options for ecological systems that mimic the natural diversity of the ecosystem and can have significant effect as the world faces a rapidly changing and volatile climate
Boron and Its Role in Crop Production provides a broad perspective on this subject by experts from around the world. The book offers in-depth coverage of the chemistry of boron, the extraction of boron from various soils, methods for determining boron in soil and plants, and the role of boron in the physiology of plants and seed production. It also examines the technology and application of boron fertilizers for crops, the response to boron of various crops, boron deficiency and toxicity in plants, and boron distribution among plant parts. Modeling of boron adsorption and desorption to provide a description of chemical systems in soils is explained, and models for detoxifying boron in irrigation water high in boron content are described.