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Excerpt from The Chemical Examination of Water, Sewage, Foods: And Other Substances The books included in the Series present in a useful and handy form the knowledge now available in many branches of the subject. They are written by experts, and the authors are occupied, or have been occupied, either in investigations connected with the various themes or in their application and administration. They include the latest scientific and practical information offered in a manner which is not too technical. The bibliographies contain references to the literature of each subject which will ensure their utility to the Specialist. It has been the desire of the editors to arrange that the books should appeal to various classes of readers and it is hoped that they will be useful to the medical profession at home and abroad, to bacteriologists and laboratory students, to municipal engineers and architects, to medical officers of health and sanitary in spectors and to teachers and administrators. Many of the volumes Will contain material Which will be suggestive and instructive to members of Public Health and Hygiene Committees and it is intended that they shall seek to influence the large body of educated and intelligent public opinion interested in the problems of public health. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
The aim of the book is to provide domain-specific text/reference material pertaining water chemistry/hydrogeochemistry catering to students of geology, hydrogeology, civil engineers, hydrochemistry and environmental sciences. It will also be very much useful to professionals involved in water supply, treatment, and researchers engaged in water chemistry. The book is intended to provide ample realistic examples on water quality pertaining to varied geological environs, which would help in easy understanding of concepts. Question bank and exercises with keys/answers are provided for each chapter, which would facilitate the readers to assess their understanding and also facilitate in competitive tests. The book covers all the topics related to water chemistry with emphasis on ground water. Interpretation techniques for major ion content of water are deliberated exhaustively. Procedure of preparation of plots, graphs and calculations of various indices both manually and using simple software are discussed in detail.
Information requirements of measurement programmes; Sampling; Basic problems and aims of sampling; Time and frequency of sampling; Overall design of sampling programmes; Procedures for obtaining samples of waters; Preparation, transport, storage, and stability of samples; The nature and importance of errors in analytical results; Random error; Systematic error; Accuracy; Effects of errors on decision making; Need to estimate analytical errors; Estimation and control of the Bias of analytical results; Detailed consideration and assessment of individual sources of Bias; Assessment of the overall Bias of analytical results; Estimation and control of the precision of analytical results; Model of Random errors; Achievement of specified accuracy by a group of laboratories; Types of inter-laboratory studies; Reporting analytical results; Reporting results close to the lower concentration limit of an analytical system; The selection of analytical methods; General precautions in water-analysis laboratories; Analytical techniques; Automatic and on-line analysis; Computers in water analysis; The scope for computing in water analysis and related activities.