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The Global War on Terror (GWOT) since September 2001 has caused an unprecedented use of reserve forces (since the 1950's), in particular the Army National Guard. With GWOT being fought at home and abroad, the military and federal agencies are acting and fighting in union to accomplish a variety of mission from counter-terrorism to nation building. Transformation is the process of changing the armed forces of the United States to becoming a more capable, less costly military force. Transformation of the Army National Guard (ARNG) concerns more than merely weapons systems and technology. It comprises more than whether or not equipment "cascades" to the Army National Guard from the Active Component (AC). Transformation of the Army National Guard is about creating unique values to the community , the state and the nation in crises. Transformation will result in the change of the types of units the ARNG puts into the field.
The Global War on Terror (GWOT) since September 2001 has caused an unprecedented use of reserve forces (since the 1950s), in particular the Army National Guard. With GWOT being fought at home and abroad, the military and federal agencies are acting and fighting in unison to accomplish a variety of missions from counter-terrorism to nation building. Transformation is the process of changing the armed forces of the United States to becoming a more capable, less costly military force. Transformation of the Army National Guard (ARNG) concerns more than merely weapons systems and technology. It comprises more than whether or not equipment "cascades" to the Army National Guard from the Active Component (AC). Transformation of the Army National Guard is about creating unique values to the community, the state and the nation in crises. Transformation will result in the change of the types of units the ARNG puts into the field.
The Total Force Policy has made the Army National Guard (ARNG) an integral part of our national military strategy. Since its fruition the National Guard has conducted training throughout the world. The 1980's were outstanding years for the Total Army and especially for the Army National Guard. There are many changes taking place throughout the world. The 1990s will be challenging and exciting years. This paper reviews the Guard's history and addresses current issues facing the Army National Guard during a period of turbulence and rapid change. Future roles and missions for the 1990's are then postulated and explained. (SDW).
The Army announced in the 2006 Army Posture Statement that it had to operationalize the Army National Guard. The decision to operationalize the National Guard was necessary because the Army did not have enough active units to meet requirements for the War on Terrorism. Operationalization of the Army National Guard was a departure from the Cold War force structure. It was not, however, a revolutionary change for the nation's National Guard forces. The research initially focused on determining what was meant by the term “strategic reserve.” That research revealed that numerous military commanders, both active and reserve, have used the term in reference to U.S. Army force structure. However, military policy documents and statutes do not define that term. The search for a clear definition of strategic reserve and its meaning for U.S. National Guard structure led to the discovery that the National Guard had only recently been constituted as a strategic reserve. The National Guard did not begin as a strategic reserve. The Guard also has experience as an operational force. The view that the National Guard was only a strategic reserve developed during the Cold War. After the end of the draft, the Department of Defense implemented the “Total Force Policy”. That policy started the National Guard's movement back toward operational capability. The research explores the history of the National Guard as the nation's constitutional defense force and its subsequent development into a Federal Reserve. The history reveals that operationalization of the National Guard is not a radical venture for state controlled units. Rather, the Army's use of the National Guard as an operational force is a return to the tradition of state militias participating in the nation's defense. The National Guard serving in an operational role is not unique in the nation's history. The Cold War practice of maintaining separate strategic and operational reserve forces does not meet today's force demands. Security planners have yet to refine post Cold War force and mission definitions. Until the missions are redefined, it was only natural for the Army to use its reserves to reduce stress on active component forces. It is also a mistake to assume the Army suddenly made the reserves operational or that the National Guard has never served in an operational manner. While at times the Army resisted using the Guard, the Guard has a history of serving in an operational role. The Constitution specified that state based militias would serve as part of the country's main defense force. Operationalization of the National Guard is an extension of the policies Congress started under the National Militia Act of 1903. The Army is only continuing these practices with its 2006 Army Posture Statement announcement. Finally, the United States has historically been unprepared for major long-term conflicts. The nation also tends to decrease active component strength following hostilities. These precedents foretell the same once significant combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan end. As such, equipping and training the National Guard for operational force capability potentially enhances its ability to perform both strategic and operational force functions in the future.
Since Sept. 2001, the Army Nat. Guard (ANG) has experienced the largest activation of its members since WW2. In 2005, over 30% of the Army forces in Iraq were ANG members, and Guard forces have also carried out various homeland security and large-scale disaster response roles. However, continued heavy use of the ANG forces has raised concerns about whether it can perform and sustain both missions over time. In the short term, the ANG is seeking additional funding for emergency equip. This testimony discusses: (1) the changing role of the ANG; (2) whether the ANG has the equip. it needs to sustain fed. and state missions; and (3) the extent to which DoD has strategies and plans to improve the ANG¿s business model for the future.
The mission and role of the Reserve Component particularly the U.S. Army National Guard has dramatically changed over the last decade. While the typical RC soldier fully accepts his or her responsibility as a warrior on the battlefield during a declared armed conflict the ambiguity surrounding the increased number of peacekeeping missions operations supporting the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) and the mission of the RC in Homeland Security post September 11th 2001 have generated the need to examine and define the role of the Army National Guard (ARNG). The purpose of this paper is to address the historic role of the ARNG and to discuss the recent shift in policy surrounding the use of the RC and ARNG in last decade for international Peacekeeping Operations. It will examine the changing role of the ARNG as it relates to Homeland Security (HLS). Furthermore it will discuss current and future ARNG force structure and make recommendations that will assist in defining the future part the ARNG will play in the National Military Strategy and in as we enter the 21st century.
Executive Summary of the Final Report by the Commission on the National Guard and Reserves, which was chartered by Congress to assess the reserve component of the U.S. military and to recommend changes to ensure that the National Guard and other reserve components are organized, trained, equipped, compensated, and supported to best meet the needs of U.S. national security.