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When working with countries to measure and compare health systems functioning, it is important to strike a good balance between avoiding blueprints that do not allow for country contexts and specificities while also encouraging a degree of standardization that enables comparisons within and between countries as well as over time. Standardized indicators allow comparisons between countries and can help mutual learning, including the identification of bottlenecks and the sharing of lessons learned. This handbook does not attempt to cover all components of the health system or deal with the various monitoring and evaluation frameworks. Instead, it is structured around the WHO framework that describes health systems in terms of six core components or "building blocks": service delivery, health workforce, health information systems, medical products, vaccines and technologies, financing and leadership/governance. The selection of indicators was guided by the need to detect change and show progress in health systems strengthening. Indicators relate to both the level and distribution of inputs and outputs. While the focus is on low- and middle-income countries, experiences from high-income countries are also used to guide the development of measurement systems. Each section has proposed core indicators that all countries are encouraged to collect, plus a wider set of indicators that users can choose or modify as needed. It is anticipated that the core indicators will enable the production of country "dashboards" that contain the instruments by which health systems trends can be regularly monitored and compared. Countries should integrate new indicators with existing indicators of their health sector and statistical strategies and plans. Health systems monitoring should also be seen in the context of the indicators' impact on access to priority health services and their contribution to reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The handbook is divided into six sections, each of which covers one health system component or building block and is set out along the following lines: -introduction to the component and related indicators; -description of possible sources of information and available measurement strategies; -proposed "core indicators", supplemented, where necessary, by additional indicators that may be used depending on the country health system attributes and needs.

School Meals

Committee on Nutrition Standards for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs

Published: 2010-02-16

Total Pages: 395


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Ensuring that the food provided to children in schools is consistent with current dietary recommendations is an important national focus. Various laws and regulations govern the operation of school meal programs. In 1995, Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements were put in place to ensure that all meals offered would be high in nutritional quality. School Meals reviews and provides recommendations to update the nutrition standard and the meal requirements for the National School Breakfast and Lunch Programs. The recommendations reflect new developments in nutrition science, increase the availability of key food groups in the school meal programs, and allow these programs to better meet the nutritional needs of children, foster healthy eating habits, and safeguard children's health. School Meals sets standards for menu planning that focus on food groups, calories, saturated fat, and sodium and that incorporate Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Dietary Reference Intakes. This book will be used as a guide for school food authorities, food producers, policy leaders, state/local governments, and parents.
In The Building Blocks of Health--How to Optimize Your Health with a Lifestyle Checklist, preventive medicine expert J. Joseph Speidel, MD, MPH, describes why most Americans have a lifestyle that harms their health. He documents that by following his Lifestyle Checklist, we can put in place The Building Blocks of Health and reverse much of the lifestyle-related damage that leads to illness and premature death. It lays out the scientific basis of why adopting healthier ways of eating, exercising and living prevents disease, optimizes and maintains health. Readers will learn:?Why the lifestyle of 95% of Americans is unhealthy.?That a healthy lifestyle can prevent 90% of diabetes, 80% of heart disease, and nearly 50% of cancers.?That an optimal lifestyle can add 10 to 15 years to life.?That multiple behavioral factors are necessary to keep us healthy--they are the Building Blocks of Health.?How to use a Lifestyle Checklist to adopt and stick to the behaviors needed to be healthy. Many books on health focus on a single topic such as nutrition or heart disease but The Building Blocks of Health documents why you can't rely on doing just one thing, like getting a lot of exercise, or avoiding just one risky behavior, like not smoking, to get and stay healthy. Multiple factors are at work to make us sick or keep us healthy. Each of the book's 16 chapters focuses on an important health-related topic including healthy nutrition, weight control, exercise and preventing heart disease, cancer and dementia.Everyone should read this book because almost all of us have an unhealthy lifestyle that is making us ill and contributing to early deaths. Doctors will want to give this book to their patients because they usually do not have enough time to provide good counseling about an optimally healthy lifestyle. The behaviors described in The Building Blocks of Health are highly effective in restoring and maintaining health because our bodies have remarkable power to heal when we stop the biological damage caused by our unhealthy lifestyle.
Makes the case for systems thinking in an easily accessible form for a broad interdisciplinary audience, including health system stewards, programme implementers, researchers, evaluators, and funding partners.
For the first time, leading authorities come together to offer their expertise as they present the building blocks and concepts of nursing theory. Provides an explanation of concepts necessary as building block of theoryResearch basedDraws extensively on literatureExperienced contributors and editors, all leading experts in their fields
Our children are overfed and undernourished. Even if they are not living on pizza and ice cream, they may be eating foods that can have serious long-term effects on their health. An ever-growing body of research is revealing that the major diseases Americans suffer and die from are lifestyle related and to an extent preventable in that some of the root causes begin in childhood. Many cases of childhood imbalances, such as obesity, hyperactivity, dental problems, and learning disabilities can be aggravated by poor eating habits. Shelly Null has written a comprehensive guide to feeding children better, from the crib to young adulthood, without sacrificing flavor or fun, in Healthy Cooking for Kids: Building Blocks for a Lifetime of Good Nutrition.
Capacity building - which focuses on understanding the obstacles that prevent organisations from realising their goals, while promoting those features that help them to achieve measurable and sustainable results - is vital to improve the delivery of health care in both developed and developing countries. Organisations are important structural building blocks of health systems because they provide platforms for delivery of curative and preventive health services, and facilitate health workforce financing and functions. Organisational capacity building involves more than training and equipment and this book discusses management capacity to restructure systems, structures and roles strategically to optimise organisational performance in healthcare. Examining the topic in a practical and comprehensive way, Organisational Capacity Building in Health Systems is divided into five parts, looking at: What health organisations are and do Management and leadership in health organisations How to build capacity in health systems Building capacity in a range of health system contexts Dealing with challenges in building capacity and evaluating work Looking at how to effectively design, implement and evaluate organisational capacity building initiatives, this book is ideal for public health, health promotion and health management researchers, students and practitioners.