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First published in 1979. Concern about the processes at work in Britain’s urban areas, coupled with steep declines in the population projections, led to a review of urban and regional policies in the mid-1970s, with major implications for the new towns as an element of national policy. The various stages and the conclusions of this re-appraisal are discussed, and the new towns’ role in the supposed ‘urban crisis’ is analysed. This title will be of interest to students of urban studies and development.
New towns—large, comprehensively planned developments on newly urbanized land—boast a mix of spaces that, in their ideal form, provide opportunities for all of the activities of daily life. From garden cities to science cities, new capitals to large military facilities, hundreds were built in the twentieth century and their approaches to planning and development were influential far beyond the new towns themselves. Although new towns are notoriously difficult to execute and their popularity has waxed and waned, major new town initiatives are increasing around the globe, notably in East Asia, South Asia, and Africa. New Towns for the Twenty-First Century considers the ideals behind new-town development, the practice of building them, and their outcomes. A roster of international and interdisciplinary contributors examines their design, planning, finances, management, governance, quality of life, and sustainability. Case studies provide histories of new towns in the United States, Asia, Africa, and Europe and impart lessons learned from practitioners. The volume identifies opportunities afforded by new towns for confronting future challenges related to climate change, urban population growth, affordable housing, economic development, and quality of life. Featuring inventories of classic new towns, twentieth-century new towns with populations over 30,000, and twenty-first-century new towns, the volume is a valuable resource for governments, policy makers, and real estate developers as well as planners, designers, and educators. Contributors: Sandy Apgar, Sai Balakrishnan, JaapJan Berg, Paul Buckhurst, Felipe Correa, Carl Duke, Reid Ewing, Ann Forsyth, Robert Freestone, Shikyo Fu, Pascaline Gaborit, Elie Gamburg, Alexander Garvin, David R. Godschalk, Tony Green, ChengHe Guan, Rachel Keeton, Steven Kellenberg, Kyung-Min Kim, Gene Kohn, Todd Mansfield, Robert W. Marans, Robert Nelson, Pike Oliver, Richard Peiser, Michelle Provoost, Peter G. Rowe, Jongpil Ryu, Andrew Stokols, Adam Tanaka, Jamie von Klemperer, Fulong Wu, Ying Xu, Anthony Gar-On Yeh, Chaobin Zhou.
Often misunderstood, the New Towns story is a fascinating one of anarchists, artists, visionaries, and the promise of a new beginning for millions of people. New Towns: The Rise Fall and Rebirth offers a new perspective on the New Towns Record and uses case-studies to address the myths and realities of the programme. It provides valuable lessons for the growth and renewal of the existing New Towns and post-war housing estates and town centres, including recommendations for practitioners, politicians and communities interested in the renewal of existing New Towns and the creation of new communities for the 21st century.
The New Towns Programme of 1946 to 1970 represents one of the most substantial periods of urban development in Britain. This text covers the story of how these towns came to be built, how they aged, and the challenges and opportunities they now face as they begin phases of renewal.
The New Towns Programme of 1946 to 1970 was one of the most substantial periods of urban development in Britain. The New Towns have often been described as a social experiment; so what has this experiment proved? This book covers the story of how these towns came to be built, how they aged, and the challenges and opportunities they now face as they begin phases of renewal. The new approaches in design throughout their past development reflect changes in society throughout the latter half of the twentieth century. These changes are now at the heart of the challenge of sustainable development. The New Towns provide lessons for social, economic and environmental sustainability. These lessons are of great relevance for the regeneration of twentieth century urbanism and the creation of new urban developments today.
This book explores the evolution of New Towns in France and the UK in a number of areas (governance, planning and heritage) and assess whether their legacy can inspire current planned settlements.
"The original (and still most weighty) reason for building new towns, in the minds of their advocates and pioneering experimenters, was the necessity of reducing the concentration of people and workplaces in very large towns, which otherwise cannot be relieved of congestion, disorder and squalor and rebuilt on a fully healthy, socially satisfactory or efficient pattern. A complementary motive was that new towns based on modern industry, in agricultural regions declining in populations owing to mechanization and other technical changes in farming, would bring fresh vitality and better services into such regions. This double intention should be kept in mind. Too often the new towns are discussed as if they were meant only to be ends in themselves, almost irrelevant to the redemption or renewal of the existing cities, and ruthlessly indifferent to rural interests. They were never thus disassociated in the minds of their proponents." —Sir Frederic Osborn The first edition of this highly-regarded book was published in 1963. For this new edition, the text has been thoroughly revised and updated throughout. Chapters have been added on the new towns started in Great Britain since 1963, and the descriptions of the earlier towns have been extended. Whereas in the earlier edition the towns were placed in the order of their dates of designation, they have now been grouped geographically: London region, North-East, North-West, Midlands, Wales, and Scotland. The purpose of the book remains the same: "...to give a broad account of the new towns created in Great Britain and of the circumstances and lines of thought from which they arose, and an evaluation of their significance for the future of urban development." The work is divided into two parts: the first, by Osborn, concerns the background of the new towns movement and the questions of policy and planning that apply to new towns generally. Among his considerations are data patterns of town growth, the functions and failings of towns, policies of governmental intervention, legislation for new towns and their financing, antagonisms toward new towns, regional plans, and the influence of the new towns movement in Europe and America. Part Two, by Whittick, considers various new towns one by one. Descriptions are given of the first twenty-three of the thirty towns authorized in Great Britain up to 1968, and a selection of plans, maps, and photographs sufficient to indicate their form and character are provided for each town. For ease of comparison between towns, the order of sections within each chapter is the same: reasons for designation; features of the site; analysis of the outline plan; the course of construction; descriptions of residential areas, neighborhoods, town center, and industrial zones; and an appraisal of social aspects.