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The fifth installment of the Fisher Investments On series is a comprehensive guide to understanding and analyzing investment opportunities within emerging markets. Growing in relative importance in recent years, emerging markets offer dynamic and unique opportunities. Fisher Investments on Emerging Markets can benefit both new and seasoned investors, covering everything from regional basics to country-specific insights to practical investing tactics, including common pitfalls to avoid. This book begins with an overview of emerging markets, followed by a historical narrative of the major emerging market regions—with emphasis on the economic, political, and sentiment drivers that help shape the investing landscape. Discusses regional, and even country-specific, drivers. Examines the major regions, including Russia, China, Latin America, and Asia. Addresses the challenges unique to emerging and developing regions, and some common pitfalls to avoid. Delves into top-down investment methodology as well as individual security analysis. Outlines a five-step process to help differentiate firms in emerging markets—designed to help you identify ones with the greatest probability of outperforming Provides investment strategies for a variety of market environments Filled with in-depth insights and expert advice, Fisher Investments on Emerging Markets provides a framework for understanding emerging markets. With this book as your guide, you can quickly gain a global perspective on emerging markets and discover strategies to help achieve your investing goals.
We analyze a unique data set and uncover a remarkable result that casts a new light on the home bias phenomenon. The data are comprehensive, security-level holdings of emerging market equities by U.S. investors. We document, as expected, that at a point in time U.S. portfolios are tilted towards firms that are large, have fewer restrictions on foreign ownership, or are cross-listed on a U.S. exchange. The size of the cross-listing effect is striking. In contrast to the well-documented underweighting of foreign stocks, emerging market equities that are cross-listed on a U.S. exchange are incorporated into U.S. portfolios at full international capital asset pricing model (CAPM) weights. Our results suggest that information asymmetries play an important role in equity home bias and that the benefits of international risk sharing are limited to select firms.
World Bank Discussion Paper No. 326. Draws on the successful experiences of five East Asian economies--Japan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan (China), and Hong Kong--to show how they have exploited the opportunities made possible by the information technology revolution and built sustainable competitive advantages in many high-value-added industries and services. The study examines the role of government in unleashing private-sector response, promoting the information technology industry, diffusing technology, and focusing resources on strategic elements of the national information infrastructure. It also explores the role of the private sector in influencing the development and use of the new technologies.
How every investor can seize the huge potential of overseas emerging markets This book offers a clear roadmap to navigating emerging markets. In clear terms every investor can understand, it explains what an emerging market is, why investors should invest in them, and what the risks are in particular markets, including Latin America, East Asia, and China. The book offers a systematic process that can be easily followed for successful investing in emerging markets.
Globalization increases the access to financial markets and provides expanding opportunities for investors to diversify internationally. As suggested by the Modern Portfolio Theory (Markowiz, 1952), rational investors should use one of the following two strategies to achieve portfolio diversification: (1) Investing in asset classes thought to have low correlations or (2) increasing the sizes of their portfolios in multiple markets. In the early 1970s, diversification was referred to as the “free lunch” in investment. However, French and Poterba (1991) show that investors still tend to hold a disproportionate part of domestic equities in their portfolios. This phenomenon is called “the equity home bias,” which is still puzzling in the international finance literature. These essays investigate what drives individuals to hold inefficient portfolios and forgo the benefits of international diversification. The first chapter of this study explains the equity home bias among international portfolios by analyzing the relationship between the sizes of portfolio required and the investor’s perception about risk. A flexible three-parameter distribution developed by Hueng and Yau (2006) to model the measures of risk for stock returns is extended here. Conclusions reveal that there is a trade-off between the desirable reduction of variance and the undesirable increase of negative skewness of diversifying international portfolios. This trade-off relationship may give an explanation to the equity home bias phenomenon in reality. The second chapter further examines the same question from the correlation perspective. Through numerical analysis, this chapter presents the evolution of U.S. equity home bias in the context of dynamic correlations between developed and emerging markets. The results imply that the persistent high correlations between the developed European and North American markets induced a high U.S. home bias; while on the other hand, the developed Pacific Asian and emerging markets have been relatively less correlated with that of the North American market and has led to a lower U.S. home bias. As future correlations are steadily increasing, investors may seek newly open markets for diversification benefits in the present. Yet over the long run, the benefits of international diversification can be very few. The home bias in the future will be rationalized by the equilibrium correlations between international markets. The third chapter uses micro data to analyze the portfolio choices in risky assets over the working-age of the single individual and the retired segments that are exposed to health and medical expense risk. Single retirees respond to changes in medical expenses by altering their portfolio toward risky assets, while no evidence is found in the changes of single working people’s portfolios. This result is in contrast to theoretical prediction, which assumes that the elders tend to hold riskless assets.
Recent changes in technology, along with the opening up of many regions previously closed to investment, have led to explosive growth in the international movement of capital. Flows from foreign direct investment and debt and equity financing can bring countries substantial gains by augmenting local savings and by improving technology and incentives. Investing companies acquire market access, lower cost inputs, and opportunities for profitable introductions of production methods in the countries where they invest. But, as was underscored recently by the economic and financial crises in several Asian countries, capital flows can also bring risks. Although there is no simple explanation of the currency crisis in Asia, it is clear that fixed exchange rates and chronic deficits increased the likelihood of a breakdown. Similarly, during the 1970s, the United States and other industrial countries loaned OPEC surpluses to borrowers in Latin America. But when the U.S. Federal Reserve raised interest rates to control soaring inflation, the result was a widespread debt moratorium in Latin America as many countries throughout the region struggled to pay the high interest on their foreign loans. International Capital Flows contains recent work by eminent scholars and practitioners on the experience of capital flows to Latin America, Asia, and eastern Europe. These papers discuss the role of banks, equity markets, and foreign direct investment in international capital flows, and the risks that investors and others face with these transactions. By focusing on capital flows' productivity and determinants, and the policy issues they raise, this collection is a valuable resource for economists, policymakers, and financial market participants.
The information you need to invest in emerging markets, in one Little Book The world's economies are in a state of flux. The traditional dominance of the G7 countries is being challenged by emerging market nations like Brazil and India, and while investment opportunities in these countries abound, the risks can be extremely high. In this Little Book, Mark Mobius, an internationally-renowned expert on emerging market funds, explains the ins and outs of emerging market investment, providing practical guidance on picking industries and companies likely to win, and explaining why policies and regulations matter as much as balance sheets, how to recognize global contenders, techniques for managing risk, and how to get out at the right time. The emerging markets are expected to be a key driver of future global economic growth, and with The Little Book of Emerging Markets in hand, you have everything you need to take full advantage of these incredible opportunities. Explains how to pick the industries and companies mostly likely to boom, why policies and regulation are key to making intelligent investment decisions, how to recognize genuine opportunities, and much more Includes invaluable techniques for managing your risk Shows you how to get your money in and out of emerging markets without being burned The Little Book of Emerging Markets is the perfect little guide to the world's most exciting investment opportunities.
How do mutual funds behave when they invest in emerging economies? For one thing, mutual funds' flows are not stable. Withdrawals from emerging markets during recent crises were large, which squares with existing evidence of financial contagion.International mutual funds are one of the main channels for capital flows to emerging economies. Although mutual funds have become important contributors to financial market integration, little is known about their investment allocation and strategies. Kaminsky, Lyons, and Schmukler provide an overview of mutual fund activity in emerging markets.First, they describe international mutual funds' relative size, asset allocation, and country allocation.Second, they focus on fund behavior during crises, by analyzing data at the level of both investors and fund managers.Among their findings: Equity investment in emerging markets has grown rapidly in the 1990s, much of it flowing through mutual funds. Collectively, these funds hold a sizable share of market capitalization in emerging economies. Asian and Latin American funds achieved the fastest growth, but are smaller than domestic U.S. funds and world funds.When investing abroad, U.S. mutual funds invest more in equity than in bonds. World funds invest mainly in developed nations (Canada, Europe, Japan, and the United States). Ten percent of their investment is in Asia and Latin America. Mutual funds usually invest in a few countries within each region.Mutual fund investment was very responsive to the crises of the 1990s. Withdrawals from emerging markets during recent crises were large, which squares with existing evidence of financial contagion.Investments in Asian and Latin American mutual funds are volatile. Because redemptions and injections are large relative to total funds under management, funds' flows are not stable. The cash held by managers during injections and redemptions does not fluctuate significantly, so investors' actions are typically reflected in emerging market inflows and outflows.This paper - a product of Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the operation of financial markets and the effects of financial globalization. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project quot;Mutual Funds in Emerging Markets.quot; The authors may be contacted at [email protected], [email protected], or [email protected].
This paper examines the international diversification benefits subject to portfolio constraints -- in particular, constraints on short selling. We show that the international diversification benefits remain substantial for U.S. equity investors when they are prohibited from short selling in emerging markets. This result is robust to investment restrictions on non-native individuals. It is also unaffected by the fact that the U.S. equity index portfolio is not on the efficient frontier spanned by U.S. securities. The integration of world equity markets reduces, but does not eliminate, the diversification benefits of investing in emerging markets subject to short-sale constraints.