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This book collects the publications of Shinya lnou‚, pioneering cell biophysicist and winner of the 2003 International Prize for Biology. The articles cover the discovery, and elucidate the behavior in living cells, of the dynamic molecular filaments which organize the cell and play a central role in cell division. Other articles report on the development of microscopes, especially those using polarized light and digital image enhancement, which make possible studies of the ever-changing molecular architecture directly in living cells. This book also contains many high quality photo-micrographs as well as an appended DVD with an extensive collection of video movies of active living cells. After training in Tokyo and at Princeton University, Dr Inou‚ has held teaching positions at the University of Washington, Tokyo Metropolitan University, University of Rochester, Dartmouth Medical School, and University of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and currently holds the title of Distinguished Scientist at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
neoessity for making it. Yet, clearly, the problem of development is largely one of filling "the vacuum between determinant and character" (DARLINGTON 1951). Nowadays the chromosome theory can be presented in much greater detail and with utter confidence, but its two main features remain the same. However, while the role of the chromosomes in heredity and development has been appreciated for a long time, the manner in which they perform their genetic and epigenetic functions has become amenable to critical investigation only in recent years. There is, therefore, still an unmistakable tendency to think of chromosomes in terms of the discrete threads of cell division and, in keeping with this conception, the chromosome cycle is gen erally considered in relation to the microscopically visible changes in morphology which occur during the mechanically active phases of mitosis and meiosis. Chromosome phenotype, however, changes not only during division but throughout the cell cycle. The changes which occur during interphase are, of course, scarcely revealed in morphological modifications of the restless "resting" nucleus. Consequently they are less obvious and correspondingly less amenable to investigation. This accounts for the concentration on the countable karyotype, with its visible properties of pairing and pycnosity, and the measurable movements of separation and segregation.
Advances in Cell Biology has been initiated as a continuing, multi-volume series to report on the progress of a wide spectrum of problems of cell structure and cell function. Jn arranging these volumes individual contributors are asked not only to review the major new information, but especially to present the state of a given problem or area by discussing the current central issues, speculations, concepts, hypotheses, and technical problems. We intend, in addition, that these volumes will not be concerned with comprehensive reviews of the recent literature but will consist rather of presentations of an interpretive and integrative nature, based on selection of major research advances. It is our aim that these volumes should provide the means whereby cell biologists may keep themselves reasonably well informed about the current progress in research areas in cell biology in which they are not immediately or directly involved themselves. The articles, nevertheless, are expected to bring into focus the experimental objectives of the specialists in a given research area. D. M.P. L. G. E.M. vii Contents Contributors v Preface vii 1 1. The Regulation of DNA Synthesis in Eukaryotes James Douglas Watson 2. D·RNA Containing Ribonucleoprotein Particles and Messenger RNA Transport 47 G. P. Georgiev and 0. P. Samarina Recent Developments in the Synchronization of 3. Tetrahymena Cell Cycle 111 Eric Zeuthen 153 4. Repetitious DNA Christopher Bostock 5. Mitosis 225 R. Bruce Nicklas Specific Enzyme Production in Eukaryotic Cells 299 6.
The past two decades have witnessed a truly phenomenal growth and expansion in our knowledge of the principles and mechanisms of in heritance. :\iolecular and microbial genetics, for all purposes non-existent at the outset of this period, have developed and flourished to the extent of becoming major branches of genetics from which the most exciting and edifying concepts of gene function and structure have been derived. Similarly, man, heretofore a genetic curiosity, has become in his own right a genetic organism of first rank importance. It is, therefore, not without reason that accompanying the rapid proliferation of genetic knowledge, a parallel increase has occurred in the technical nomen clature and terminology special to the field of genetics and often special to specific branches of genetics. In preparing this glossary of ca. 2500 entries, we have attempted to compile and collate the terminology from seemingly unrelated, widely separated branches of genetics - classical and molecular; microbial and human; cytogenetics and population genetics. We have not been content merely to collect terms and definitions much as is found in a dictionary. Rather our aim has been to provide material suitable and usable both for students and research workers. Accordingly, depending upon our evaluation, some terms have simply been defined, others have been described at some length even to the extent of providing experi mental data.
In preparing the new completely revised edition of this glossary, which in the meantime has been translated into Russian and Polish, we have attempt ed to include the most important new terms and to revise the text in those cases where new data demanded it*. As a result about fifty percent of the text is completely rewritten. Once more we have tried to provide material suitable and usable both for students and research workers. Accordingly, depending upon our evaluation, some terms have been simply defined, others have been described at some length even to the extent of providing experi mental data. Wherever possible, synonymy and redundancy have been pointed out, and in the interest of historical accuracy the individual respon sible for introducing a particular term or concept listed with the specific paper included in the literature citations. Cross references between related terms are designated by an arrow (---*) before each relevant term. To keep the book, as far as possible, to a reasonable size the terms carried over from the earlier edition have once more been critically selected and, where necessary, revised. In spite of these efforts a certain increase in volume was unavoidable. We hope that the new edition will once more prove useful to a wide audience and enjoy the same cordial reception as the earlier ones. Comments and suggestions from the reviewers and users of the earlier editions have contribut ed signifiClllltly to the revision.