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A leading expert examines one of Napoleon's most decisive but least analysed victories In early July 1809 Napoleon crossed the Danube with 187,000 men to confront the Austrian Archduke Charles and an army of 145,000 men. The fighting that followed dwarfed in intensity and scale any previous Napoleonic battlefield, perhaps any in history: casualties on each side were over 30,000. The Austrians fought with great determination, but eventually the Emperor won a narrow victory. Wagram was decisive in that it compelled Austria to make peace. It also heralded a new, altogether greater order of warfare, anticipating the massed manpower and weight of fire deployed much later in the battles of the American Civil War and then at Verdun and on the Somme.
A leading expert examines one of Napoleon's most decisive but least analysed victories In early July 1809 Napoleon crossed the Danube with 187,000 men to confront the Austrian Archduke Charles and an army of 145,000 men. The fighting that followed dwarfed in intensity and scale any previous Napoleonic battlefield, perhaps any in history: casualties on each side were over 30,000. The Austrians fought with great determination, but eventually the Emperor won a narrow victory. Wagram was decisive in that it compelled Austria to make peace. It also heralded a new, altogether greater order of warfare, anticipating the massed manpower and weight of fire deployed much later in the battles of the American Civil War and then at Verdun and on the Somme.
A fictional re-creation of the 1809 battle of Essling captures the events of the conflict, Napoleon's first major defeat, through the experiences of real-life people of the time.
The little known Battle of Znaim (10th-11th July 1809) was the last battle to be fought on the main front of the Franco-Austrian War. Cut short to make way for an armistice it effectively ended hostilities between France and Austria and is now uniquely considered to be an episode both of conflict and simultaneously of diplomacy. The battle began as a result of the Austrian decision to stage a rearguard action near Znaim, prompting the Bavarians to unsuccessfully storm a nearby town. Battle ensued with the village changing hands a number of times over the course of the two days. Jack Gill delves deep into the respective tactics of both sides as the two armies continually changed positions and strategies. His account dissects and investigates the dual aspects of the Battle of Znaim and explains the diplomatic decisions that resulted in the peace treaty which was signed at Schonbrunn Palace on 14th October 1809. Gill’s book is an unrivaled analysis of the Battle of Znaim. Accessible, highly detailed and expertly crafted, it sheds new light on this fascinating moment in Napoleonic history.
A fascinating historical novel, ...Lapouge is clearly a passionate historian. --The Times
In early July 1809 Napoleon crossed the Danube with 187,000 men to confront the Austrian Archduke Charles and an army of 145,000 men. The fighting that followed dwarfed in intensity and scale any previous Napoleonic battlefield, perhaps any in history: casualties on each side were over 30,000. The Austrians fought with great determination, but eventually the Emperor won a narrow victory. It had not been his finest battle, however: the day was carried more by firepower (French artillery fired over 71,000 rounds) and bludgeoning than anything else.Wagram was decisive in that it compelled Austria to make peace. It also heralded a new, altogether greater order of warfare, anticipating the massed manpower and weight of fire deployed much later in the battles of the American Civil War and then at Verdun and on the Somme.This significant battle has rarely been analysed in any detail. Most of the current literature on it is French and self-serving. Gunther Rothenberg will tell for the first time the story of this immense engagement from both sides, making use of both French sources and the extensive Austrian archives.
Fighting on many fronts and taken somewhat by surprise, Napoleon was quick to go on the offensive and won a succession of victories at Landshut, Eckmühl and Ratisbon before suffering his first defeat in a field battle at Aspern-Essling. Retiring to Vienna, the French re-equipped and reinforced before launching a decisive attack across the Danube from the Isle of Lobau. The resulting battle of Wagram was the bloodiest confrontation in the Napoleonic Wars up to that time with a massive casualty list of probably 80,000 men. Decisive as the French victory was, it was the 'apogee' of his empire and settled little more than strengthening the resolve of the major powers to resist Napoleonic domination. Two more allied coalitions would follow - there would be more French victories over the following six years - but the 1809 campaign was the last successful campaign Napoleon would conduct.The campaign of 1809 is naturally dominated by the major decisive encounter of the campaign - the Battle of Wagram. This book is not a major study of the battle, but rather a guide for the component units of the armies present at the battle. This fourth volume in the series 'Orders of Battle' is the latest in a trilogy of Napoleonic battle reference studies tailored for the enthusiast or war gamer, who wishes to possess a handy and detailed manual covering the forces present. Like previous volumes in the series, it is intended to be as concise and realistic (as possible) a representation of the regiments, squadrons and artillery batteries present at Wagram on 5/6th July 1809. Supply, logistics and medical sections of each army have been researched and included as well - essential as they were to keep each force in the field. For Commanders. Staff officers, Colonels and units present, extensive use has been made of available orders of battle to ensure accuracy representing the individual units involved. Exhaustive research has also been made of the uniforms worn and the flag standards carried by the individual regiments to give an accurate visual interpretation of the way each unit would have appeared in the battle. A scale of 1:10 has been used to help visualise an accurate image of the actual size of each unit, be it battalion, squadron or battery. The text describing the unit is usually in the national language of that unit unless this deters significantly from what is basically an English language work. A brief synopsis of the armies and the battle itself completes this work.
“A very impressive piece of work, and it is unlikely to be surpassed for many years . . . A very valuable guide to Napoleon’s last great victory” (HistoryOfWar.org). With this third volume, John Gill brings to a close his magisterial study of the war between Napoleonic France and Habsburg Austria. The account begins with both armies recuperating on the banks of the Danube. As they rest, important action was taking place elsewhere: Eugene won a crucial victory over Johann on the anniversary of Marengo, Prince Poniatowski’s Poles outflanked another Austrian archduke along the Vistula, and Marmont drove an Austrian force out of Dalmatia to join Napoleon at Vienna. These campaigns set the stage for the titanic Battle of Wagram. Second only in scale to the slaughter at Leipzig in 1813, Wagram saw more than 320,000 men and 900 guns locked in two days of fury that ended with an Austrian retreat. The defeat, however, was not complete: Napoleon had to force another engagement before Charles would accept a ceasefire. The battle of Znaim, its true importance often not acknowledged, brought an extended armistice that ended with a peace treaty signed in Vienna. Gill uses an impressive array of sources in an engaging narrative covering both the politics of emperors and the privations and hardship common soldiers suffered in battle. Enriched with unique illustrations, forty maps, and extraordinary order-of-battle detail, this work concludes an unrivalled English-language study of Napoleon’s last victory. “Sheds new light on well-known stages in the battle . . . he has covered more than just an epochal battle in a magnificent book that will satisfy the most avid enthusiasts of Napoleonic era military history.” —Foundation Napoleon
One of the leading voices on national-security issues in the US Congress demonstrates how words have been sharp and powerful weapons of victory in this compilation of great military speeches that helped turn the tide of history. Congressman Israel has included speeches that have motivated and mobilized, challenged and comforted. Some were blurted in the heat of combat, others carefully written in places far removed from the brutality of the battlefield, but all will inspire readers with the courage that moved people forward against all odds. This dramatic sweep of military history in the words of history's military leaders serves to reinforce the concept that the pen is mightier than the sword. Congressman Steve Israel represents New York's second district and is a member of the House Appropriations Committee and former member of the Armed Services Committee.