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The Battle of Point Pleasant is considered to be the first battle of the American Revolution. It was part of Lord Dunmore's expedition (or war) in 1774, which was to subdue the Indians on the frontier. The battle was fought and won by men under the command of General Lewis against an Indian attack. The effect of this battle was that the Indians along Virginia's (or West Virginia's) borders kept the peace during the Revolution and gave experience to many men who joined the colonial forces.
Known to history as "Dunmore's War," the 1774 campaign against a Shawnee-led Indian confederacy in the Ohio Country marked the final time an American colonial militia took to the field in His Majesty's service and under royal command. Led by John Murray, the fourth Earl of Dunmore and royal governor of Virginia, a force of colonials including George Rogers Clark, Daniel Morgan, Michael Cresap, Adam Stephen, and Andrew Lewis successfully drove the Indians from the territory south of the Ohio River in parts of present-day West Virginia, Ohio, and Kentucky. Although it proved to be the last Indian conflict of America's colonial era, it is often neglected in histories, despite its major influence on the conduct of the Revolutionary War that followed. In Dunmore's War: The Last Conflict of America's Colonial Era, award-winning historian Glenn F. Williams explains the course and importance of this fascinating event. Supported by primary source research, the author describes each military operation and illustrates the transition of the Virginia militia from a loyal instrument of the king to a weapon of revolution. In the process, he corrects much of the folklore concerning the war and frontier fighting in general, demonstrating that the Americans did not adopt Indian tactics for wilderness fighting as is popularly thought, but rather adapted European techniques to the woods.
It is owing to the indefatigable labors of William Armstrong Crozier that we have one of the most exhaustive lists of colonial soldiers ever published. "Virginia Colonial Militia" originally appeared as Volume II of Crozier's famous series "Virginia County Records" but has since earned a distinction that has set it apart. Certainly anyone looking for colonial Virginia origins would do well to look here first. The work is divided into several sections and includes (1) Land Bounty Certificates for Service in the French and Indian War; (2) Military Rosters in Hening's Statutes at Large; (3) Muster Rolls of Companies Defending the Frontier in Lord Dunmore's War; (4) Partial List of Officers Killed and Wounded at the Battle of Point Pleasant, Oct. 10, 1774; (5) Augusta County Militia in 1742; (6) Miscellaneous County Rosters of Militia Officers; (7) List of Officers and Soldiers of the Virginia Regiment Commanded by George Washington; and (8) List of the Officers of the Colonial Militia of Spotsylvania County, 1729-1780.
The Allegheny frontier, comprising the mountainous area of present-day West Virginia and bordering states, is studied here in a broad context of frontier history and national development. The region was significant in the great American westward movement, but Otis K. Rice seeks also to call attention to the impact of the frontier experience upon the later history of the Allegheny Highlands. He sees a relationship between its prolonged frontier experience and the problems of Appalachia in the twentieth century. Through an intensive study of the social, economic, and political developments in pioneer West Virginia, Rice shows that during the period 1730–1830 some of the most significant features of West Virginia life and thought were established. There also appeared evidences of arrested development, which contrasted sharply with the expansiveness, ebullience, and optimism commonly associated with the American frontier. In this period customs, manners, and folkways associated with the conquest of the wilderness to root and became characteristic of the mountainous region well into the twentieth century. During this pioneer period, problems also took root that continue to be associated with the region, such as poverty, poor infrastructure, lack of economic development, and problematic education. Since the West Virginia frontier played an important role in the westward thrust of migration through the Alleghenies, Rice also provides some account of the role of West Virginia in the French and Indian War, eighteenth-century land speculations, the Revolutionary War, and national events after the establishment of the federal government in 1789.
The battle of Cowpens was a crucial turning point in the Revolutionary War in the South and stands as perhaps the finest American tactical demonstration of the entire war. On 17 January 1781, Daniel Morgan's force of Continental troops and militia routed British regulars and Loyalists under the command of Banastre Tarleton. The victory at Cowpens helped put the British army on the road to the Yorktown surrender and, ultimately, cleared the way for American independence. Here, Lawrence Babits provides a brand-new interpretation of this pivotal South Carolina battle. Whereas previous accounts relied on often inaccurate histories and a small sampling of participant narratives, Babits uses veterans' sworn pension statements, long-forgotten published accounts, and a thorough knowledge of weaponry, tactics, and the art of moving men across the landscape. He identifies where individuals were on the battlefield, when they were there, and what they saw--creating an absorbing common soldier's version of the conflict. His minute-by-minute account of the fighting explains what happened and why and, in the process, refutes much of the mythology that has clouded our picture of the battle. Babits put the events at Cowpens into a sequence that makes sense given the landscape, the drill manual, the time frame, and participants' accounts. He presents an accurate accounting of the numbers involved and the battle's length. Using veterans' statements and an analysis of wounds, he shows how actions by North Carolina militia and American cavalry affected the battle at critical times. And, by fitting together clues from a number of incomplete and disparate narratives, he answers questions the participants themselves could not, such as why South Carolina militiamen ran toward dragoons they feared and what caused the "mistaken order" on the Continental right flank.
This battle is part of Lord Dunmore's war of 1774. A force of Virginia militia marched to the Ohio River valley and engaged a force of Indians under Chief Cornstalk and defeated them near what is today Point Pleasant, West Virginia.
The fourth annual compilation of selected articles from the online Journal of the American Revolution.