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The Bath-Gymnasium at Sardis is the most important known example of a complex that combines the gymnasium, a Greek institution, with the Roman bath, a unique architectural and cultural embodiment comparable in size and organization to the great Imperial thermae of Rome. The restoration by the Harvard-Cornell Expedition of the "Marble Court" or Imperial cult hall provides a rare opportunity to appreciate firsthand the scale and elegance of the major Imperial monuments. In this fully illustrated volume Fikret Yeg l describes the complex from the palaestra of the east through the richly decorated Marble Court to the vast swimming pool, lofty halls, and hot baths, including analysis of the excavation, evidence for structural systems, roofing, vaulting, and decoration, and the significance of building inscriptions. The author traces the building history from its completion in the second century through five centuries of renovation and redecoration. Mehmet Bolgil, a practicing architect who was in charge of the restoration at Sardis, contributes a clear description of the reconstruction process.
This text reviews and analyzes the structure, function and design of baths, seeking to integrate their architecture with the wider social and cultural custom of bathing, and examining in particular the changes this custom underwent in Late Antiquity and in Byzantine and Islamic cultures.
In this lavishly illustrated two-volume monograph, Fikret K. Yegül offers a wide-ranging overview of the Temple of Artemis at Sardis. His block-by-block description of the extant elements of the building elucidates the two primary phases in the temple's design and construction, which date to the Hellenistic and the Roman imperial periods.
A great metropolis of the ancient world, "golden" Sardis was the place where legendary Croesus ruled, where coinage was invented. Since 1958 an archaeological team has been working at the site to retrieve evidence of the rich Lydian culture as well as of the prehistoric Anatolian settlement and the Hellenistic and Roman civilizations that followed the Lydian kingdom. Here is a comprehensive and fully illustrated account of what the team has learned, presented by the eminent archaeologist who led the expedition. George Hanfmann and his collaborators survey the environment of Sardis, the crops and animal life, the mineral resources, the industries for which the city was famed, and the pattern of settlement. The history of Sardis is then reconstructed, from the early Bronze Age to Late Antiquity. Archaeologists who have done the excavating contribute descriptions of shops and houses, graves, the precinct and Altar of Artemis, the Acropolis, gold-working installations and techniques, the bath and gymnasium complex, and the Synagogue. The material finds are studied in the context of other evidence, and there emerges an overall picture of the Lydian society, culture, and religion, the Greek and subsequently the Roman impact, the Jewish community, and the Christianization of Sardis. Historians of the ancient world will find this account invaluable.
This new volume in the New Documents series continues the efforts of the Ancient History Documentary Research Centre at Macquarie University to make available Greek inscriptions and papyri that shed light on the Graeco-Roman world -- the context in which the Christian church developed. Volume 9 includes a selection of secular texts as well as documents directly relating to Judaica and ecclesiastica. Notable entries include "The Ecumenical Synod of Dionysiac Artists, " "The Elders and Rulers (Archons) of the Jews, " and "Fragment from the Unknown Gospel (Papyrus Egerton 2)." Texts and translations are printed side by side; full indices and references are also provided.Since it is being published in honor of Paul Barrett, this volume includes a special preface by Alanna Nobbs, an introductory reflection on Barrett's career and New Testament history by E. A. Judge, and a bibliography of Barrett's work compiled by C. B. Forbes.
By the third century A.D., most cities in western Asia Minor could boast of at least one large public bath, but during the fourth through seventh centuries A.D., many public baths in this region underwent significant transformations and were re-used, in whole or in part, for other purposes. This dissertation focuses on the transformation and re-use of a select group of public baths in western Asia Minor throughout the Roman Imperial period, and especially during the fourth through seventh centuries A.D. In addition to describing how the buildings were altered or used differently over time, I evaluate potential causes for why the buildings -- or in many cases, parts of the buildings -- were available for re-use. My case studies include the Sardis Bath-Gymnasium Complex, the Vedius Bath-Gymnasium Complex at Ephesus, and the Sagalassos Bath-Gymnasium Complex. By implementing a comparative approach, I seek to demonstrate that large public baths were re-used in a variety of ways, according to local needs and circumstances, and that decisions were influenced by multiple complex factors. Among these are the social pressures brought about by the rise of Christianity, military attacks, disruptions in trade networks, people moving from cities to the countryside, and natural disasters such as severe earthquakes, fires, floods, and outbreaks of plague. The types of transformations and re-use that I consider include functional changes, privatization and subdivision, changes to the buildings' statuary programs, and the re-use of the buildings and their materials after the buildings were no longer used as baths.
This volume examines the arrival and development of a distinctively Roman building type in an area of southwest Turkey where the numerous cities, who were highly competitive in their public building, left a remarkable wealth of ancient remains. Many new plans and photographs represent the full range of Lycian bath buildings. The building techniques employed and how Roman bathing habits fitted into the sporting life of Asia Minor under the Empire are also explored.

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Library of Congress. Office for Subject Cataloging Policy

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 1548


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