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A provocative examination of the Bible in Christian tradition and contemporary culture
In the early books of the Old Testament, the mysterious "Angel of the Lord" repeatedly appears-visibly, audibly, even physically-to the Patriarchs, to Moses, to the Prophets. Who is this Angel? Exploring the biblical texts, the testimony of church history, and the insights of Systematic Theology, Matt Foreman and Doug Van Dorn argue that the answer is beyond doubt: the Angel of the Lord is a manifestation of God the Son. Even more, they argue that this Angel appears more often than people realize, because he appears under different titles, including: the Word, the Name, the Glory, the Face, the Right Hand, even the Son. They show that even some of the ancient Jews spoke of a Second Yahweh in the Old Testament. Christian theologians throughout history have taught this same understanding. Christians today need to be taught again how the Person of Jesus appears throughout the Bible and how he speaks to us today.
Books by evangelical scholars on messianism in the Old Testament are either outdated, too brief, or lack balance,Ó observes the author. Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament represents the most thorough, conservative analysis of the century. Van Groningen traces the messianic expectation as it is progressively revealed in the Hebrew Scriptures. He first introduces the messianic concept, defining its terms and uncovering its source. He finds these messianic presentations rooted in, and shaped by, divine revelation. The major part of this volume explores messianism's philological, historical, and theological aspects. The result of this study,Ó writes the author, reveals that the messianic concept refers to a royal-priestly-prophetic person...and his work.Ó Passages that deal with these messianic motifs have been selected for close scrutiny and evaluation.Ó The author believes that a correct understanding of messianism in the Old Testament requires a balanced hermeneutical approach - from exegeting the relevant texts and studying their historical context to interpreting prophecy and organizing its theological truths. In the words of the author, To omit one [element] is to do injustice to the Old Testament.Ó Van Groningen has included an extensive bibliography of both books and articles for those wishing to pursue additional study. A Scripture index helps one to locate the author's exegetical insights on various passages. An index of persons concludes the work.
In The Work of Christ, John S. Hammett and Charles L. Quarles examine Christ’s service for his people, especially his atoning work on the cross. The first half of The Work of Christ offers a biblical theology of the atoning work of Christ, from the Pentateuch to the Prophets to the writings of the New Testament. By meticulously examining these cornerstones in Scripture, the authors help readers grasp the full magnitude and significance of Christ's sacrifice for humanity. While the first half of The Work of Christ unearths the biblical roots of Christ's atoning sacrifice, the second half approaches the theology behind the work of Christ systematically, guiding readers to understand how the church has grappled with the atonement through the ages. This section details the work of Christ before the incarnation, in his earthly life and ministry, and on the cross. The authors examine the multifaceted nature of the cross, exploring not just the traditional penal substitutionary view (where Jesus takes our punishment), but also criticisms and alternative perspectives on atonement and its reach. The volume concludes by examining the work of Christ after the cross, from his resurrection to his work still to come in his return. Equipped with a deeper understanding of Christ's work, readers will be empowered to live a life that reflects the profound impact of the Savior's sacrifice. Recognizing that faithful theological study is an integrative task, the Theology for the People of God series uniquely combines biblical and systematic theology in dialogue with historical theology and with application to church and life. This series addresses classic doctrines of systematic theology and other relevant topics, pairing careful scholarship with the practical understanding that theology finds its focus within the context of the church. Together, the series' authors guide readers in developing a theologically informed way of seeing the world, a Christlike response to life, and Christian motivation for ministry.
This is the most biblically based, theologically sound, and spiritually helpful work on the person and attributes of the preincarnate Christ to appear in many years. Norman L. Geisler, Southern Evangelical Seminary An unusually thorough and helpful treatment of a greatly neglected but vital subject. Donald K. Campbell, President, Dallas Theological Seminary This work addresses an area of neglect in the study of the person and work of Christ, and its publication is overdue. Readers will find interesting insights into this significant part of the life of Christ which will help them evaluate the Gospels as well as establish their basic view of Christ himself. John S. Walvoord, Chancellor, Dallas Theological Seminary
Miesner shows how to experience the depths of God's love and explains how Hislove manifests in believers' lives.
The language of 'christophanies' is used technically by scholars to refer to appearances of the incarnate Son of God after his resurrection, as narrated in the New Testament Gospels and Acts. At a more popular level, though, the term is increasingly applied to alleged appearances of the pre-incarnate Son in the Old Testament. That Jesus appeared to - and was even recognized by - the likes of Abraham and Moses is usually argued from several scriptural trajectories. The New Testament suggests that God the Father is invisible, inviting us to ask who conducted the Old Testament appearances; the mysterious Angel of the Lord has often been interpreted as a manifestation of the divine Son; and several New Testament passages imply Old Testament appearances of and encounters with Jesus. It seems obvious, indeed orthodox, to affirm that Jesus has always been at work in communicating with and saving his world. However, Andrew Malone argues that, while Christ-centred readings of the Old Testament abound, christophanies prove to be a flimsy foundation on which to build. Despite apparent success, any scholarship commending the idea does not withstand close scrutiny. Malone carefully sifts the evidence to show that the popular arguments should be abandoned, and that the pursuit of Old Testament christophanies ultimately threatens to undermine the very values it promotes. He concludes that it better honours the Trinity and the text of Scripture to allow that the Father and the Spirit, as well as the Son, were themselves involved in Old Testament appearances.