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The Ancient Beginnings of Science From Pre-Science to the Age of Greece, With Modern-Day Applications By: Ronald A. Brown For more than 2,500 years, it has been assumed that science and mathematics originated solely in ancient Greece; however, this assumption is now known to be invalid. Recently available knowledge has shown that the ancient Hindus must also be included as one of the earliest precursors of modern mathematics and science, according to a set of criteria developed by Ronald A. Brown, namely the trifecta of philosophy, theory, and abstract mathematics. This trifecta implies that only the early Hindus and Greeks are true forerunners of modern science as they alone were the first to recognize that nature is rational and can, therefore, be understood by human reason. The ensuing developments, including selected modern topics, are discussed in historical detail, and demonstrate that the role of history is to clarify what is significant, what remains after having distilled out what is not essential.
Remarkably readable, thoroughly documented, and well illustrated, this fascinating book by an eminent science historian covers problems of mathematics, astronomy, physics, and biology.
A History of Science is a five volume work written by two brothers dr. Henry Smith Williams and dr. Edward Huntington Williams with a goal to present fundamental principles of science, to point out how they have been discovered by our predecessors, and to trace the growth of these ideas from their first vague beginnings. The work is chronologically divided in five parts, each of them covering the epoch in which different branches of science have been lifted to the next level. Table of Contents: Volume I: Idea of the Science in Ancient History and Prehistoric Times (Egypt, Babylonia, Assyria, Ancient Greece and Rome); Volume II: The Beginnings of Modern Science (Science in Middle Ages, Eastern, Western, Galileo, Newton); Volume III: Modern Development of the Physical Sciences; Volume IV: Modern Development of the Chemical and Biological Sciences; Volume V: Aspects of Recent Science.
When it was first published in 1992, The Beginnings of Western Science was lauded as the first successful attempt ever to present a unified account of both ancient and medieval science in a single volume. Chronicling the development of scientific ideas, practices, and institutions from pre-Socratic Greek philosophy to late-Medieval scholasticism, David C. Lindberg surveyed all the most important themes in the history of science, including developments in cosmology, astronomy, mechanics, optics, alchemy, natural history, and medicine. In addition, he offered an illuminating account of the transmission of Greek science to medieval Islam and subsequently to medieval Europe. The Beginnings of Western Science was, and remains, a landmark in the history of science, shaping the way students and scholars understand these critically formative periods of scientific development. It reemerges here in a second edition that includes revisions on nearly every page, as well as several sections that have been completely rewritten. For example, the section on Islamic science has been thoroughly retooled to reveal the magnitude and sophistication of medieval Muslim scientific achievement. And the book now reflects a sharper awareness of the importance of Mesopotamian science for the development of Greek astronomy. In all, the second edition of The Beginnings of Western Science captures the current state of our understanding of more than two millennia of science and promises to continue to inspire both students and general readers.
A Companion to Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Greece and Rome brings a fresh perspective to the study of these disciplines in the ancient world, with 60 chapters examining these topics from a variety of critical and technical perspectives. Brings a fresh perspective to the study of science, technology, and medicine in the ancient world, with 60 chapters examining these topics from a variety of critical and technical perspectives Begins coverage in 600 BCE and includes sections on the later Roman Empire and beyond, featuring discussion of the transmission and reception of these ideas into the Renaissance Investigates key disciplines, concepts, and movements in ancient science, technology, and medicine within the historical, cultural, and philosophical contexts of Greek and Roman society Organizes its content in two halves: the first focuses on mathematical and natural sciences; the second focuses on cultural applications and interdisciplinary themes 2 Volumes
Ancient science grew from the efforts of men and women of ages long past, speaking different languages, living with world views very different from our own. All through human history, every culture has had original thinkers, creative artists, and hard working achievers. Their labors resulted in discoveries which constituted the science of the age. As we embark on the next millennium, it will be good to recognize that we are, one and all, heirs to many interesting ideas, insights and breakthroughs that were initiated by ancient peoples. Though their works were affiliated with different cultures and periods, we must learn to look upon them as humanity's heritage, rather than as the specific achievements of this group or that. The ancients made many interesting and significant contributions to scientific thought and discoveries, which we should recall, appreciate, and be grateful for. The proponents of earlier world views were men and women of keen intellect who gave what seemed to them to be the most satisfying answers to the questions they posed, within the constraints of their cultural framework and currently available data. They are deserving of our highest respect and warmest admiration. Yet, it is important to recognize that there are also fundamental differences between ancient and modern science. Even in the midst of our current civilization characterized by fast pace and countless gadgetry, it may be of some interest to look into the thoughts and achievements of ancient science. It is by knowing, however superficially, what other cultures accomplished that we develop genuine respect for them. This book should be of interest to the general reader, and it may also serve as a text in an introductory course on the history of science, for all too often such courses barely mention anything beyond ancient Greece in the context of ancient science.
The first A–Z resource to catalog the achievements and legacy of more than four millennia of scientific thought in the ancient world of the Mediterranean and the Near East, providing a complete overview of the physical, chemical, life, medical, and social sciences of the classical world. Many are familiar with such wonders as steam power and the discovery that the planets revolve around the Sun. The fact that such phenomena were known to the ancient Greeks more than 2,000 years ago is less well known. Now, Science in the Ancient World fills this gap by covering all the major scientific developments during 4,000 years of ancient history. Over 200 A–Z entries explore the origins of science, from astronomy and mathematics to medicine and chemistry. Giants like Aristotle and Plato are examined, together with more obscure figures like Nearchus, explorer of the Indian Ocean, and Hero, discoverer of steam power. Emphasis is placed on the diversity of ancient science, from the achievements of the Mesopotamians to the science of the Romans. The philosophies behind ancient science are explored, from the Epicurean pursuit of happiness to the asceticism of the Stoics. This comprehensive survey brings to the modern reader a long lost age of scientific discovery.
A Companion to Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Greece and Rome brings a fresh perspective to the study of these disciplines in the ancient world, with 60 chapters examining these topics from a variety of critical and technical perspectives. Brings a fresh perspective to the study of science, technology, and medicine in the ancient world, with 60 chapters examining these topics from a variety of critical and technical perspectives Begins coverage in 600 BCE and includes sections on the later Roman Empire and beyond, featuring discussion of the transmission and reception of these ideas into the Renaissance Investigates key disciplines, concepts, and movements in ancient science, technology, and medicine within the historical, cultural, and philosophical contexts of Greek and Roman society Organizes its content in two halves: the first focuses on mathematical and natural sciences; the second focuses on cultural applications and interdisciplinary themes 2 Volumes
This reference work describes the trial-and-error experiments, discoveries, and inventions of early humans who lived from before recorded history to the Middle Ages. Krebs travels through the ancient periods of Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica, to the classical Greek and Roman periods, and finally to the Christian era, providing students with the link between science and history, while revealing information about many cultures around the world. Each entry provides the who, when, and where of each discovery, invention, or experiment. Entries include calendars, gunpowder, anesthesia, contraception, spontaneous generation, the Arctic Circle, language, and tides. Part of the Groundbreaking Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries through the Ages series, this book provides readers with a detailed look early humans' relation to world around them and the scientific advancements they made. It will be useful to high school and college students, teachers, and the general public interested in the history and science behind ancient civilizations.