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In 1994 the first high-energy particle physics experiment for the Space Station, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS), was selected by NASA's Administrator as a joint collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The AMS program was chartered to place a magnetic spectrometer in Earth orbit and search for cosmic antimatter. A natural consequence of this decision was that NASA would begin to explore cost-effective ways through which the design and implementation of AMS might benefit other promising payload experiments which were evolving from the Office of Space Science. The first such experiment to come forward was ACCESS in 1996. It was proposed as a new mission concept in space physics to place a cosmic-ray experiment of weight, volume, and geometry similar to the AMS on the ISS, and replace the latter as its successor when the AMS is returned to Earth. This was to be an extension of NASA's sub-orbital balloon program, with balloon payloads serving as the precursor flights and heritage for ACCESS. The balloon programs have always been a cost-effective NASA resource since the particle physics instrumentation for balloon and space applications are directly related. The next step was to expand the process, pooling together expertise from various NASA centers and universities while opening up definition of the ACCESS science goals to the international community through the standard practice of peer-review. This process is still on-going and the Accommodation Study presented here will discuss the baseline definition of ACCESS as we understand it today. Further detail on the history, scope, and background of the study is provided in Appendix A. Wilson, Thomas L. and Wefel, John P. Goddard Space Flight Center; Johnson Space Center NAG5-3770
AMS (the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer) is a high-energy particle detector in space. An engineer- ing version of AMS, AMS-01, flew on the space shuttle Discovery for ten days in June 1998 and collected 108 cosmic ray events. This thesis extends the previous results of the AMS-01 flight by performing a search for antideuterons (−D) in cosmic rays. Antideuterons in cosmic rays could be a signal for neutralino dark matter annihilation, primordial black hole evaporation and other interesting processes. No D̄ nuclei were found, and a flux limit is estimated. We also present the results of preliminary strangelet search. Some interesting effects of the Mir space station on AMS-01 when Discovery was docked with Mir are also discussed.
This book presents the progress in cosmic ray physics following the recent results obtained by balloon, satellite and underground experiments. The following topics are reviewed: Composition and propagation of cosmic rays, trapping of charged particles in the earth's magnetic field, atmospheric neutrinos, and high energy photon measurements in space.